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Extinction Evolution and Human Impacts
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1
Question
What is the approximate number of species that exist today according to scientists?
Answer
About 10 million species
2
Question
What percent of all species that have ever evolved are extinct according to scientists?
Answer
Over 99%
3
Question
What pattern do scientists observe about extinctions over time?
Answer
Extinctions occur in waves
4
Question
What is the main purpose of Activity 14 in Evolution unit?
Answer
To analyze extinction rates and patterns
5
Question
What does the green area on the extinction rate graph represent?
Answer
Background extinction rate
6
Question
In modern vertebrates, how long is the timespan used to compare observed extinctions to background rate?
Answer
Since the year 1500 (approximately 114 years in the chart)
7
Question
What is the question guiding the activity about current extinction?
Answer
Is the current rate of extinction typical?
8
Question
What types of causes are considered for the five mass extinction events in birds?
Answer
Invasive species, hunting, agriculture, logging, development, climate change, energy, etc.
9
Question
What is the term for the rate at which species go extinct relative to time?
Answer
Extinction rate
10
Question
What is the background rate in extinction studies?
Answer
Average rate of extinction over time
11
Question
What is the main difference between background rate and observed rate in 1500–present data?
Answer
Observed rate is higher than background
12
Question
What historical organism is used to illustrate extinction due to human activity in this unit?
Answer
Passenger pigeon
13
Question
What is selective breeding also known as?
Answer
Artificial selection
14
Question
What modern biotechnology method is used to change one or a few genes in an organism?
Answer
Genetic modification (genetic engineering)
15
Question
What is the central example of resistance discussed for bacteria in Activity 16?
Answer
Antibiotic resistance
16
Question
Which pesticide is cited as causing corn yield losses in the weeds section?
Answer
Glyphosate (Roundup)
17
Question
What organism is shown as having resistance to warfarin in mice?
Answer
House mice (Mus musculus)
18
Question
What is the precursor to vitamin A produced in Golden Rice?
Answer
Beta carotene
19
Question
What is the main question guiding the Manipulating Genes activity?
Answer
How have humans manipulated genes in other organisms?
20
Question
What are the two primary methods humans use to alter traits in organisms?
Answer
Selective breeding and genetic modification
21
Question
What is a trait that improves an organism’s survival called?
Answer
An adaptation
22
Question
What process leads to the spread of advantageous traits in a population over generations?
Answer
Natural selection
23
Question
What term describes the formation of new species from a common ancestor?
Answer
Speciation
24
Question
What do evolutionary trees depict?
Answer
Relationships and ancestral lineages among species
25
Question
What evidence do scientists use to study evolution besides fossils?
Answer
Embryos and developmental patterns
26
Question
What is the key difference between natural and artificial selection?
Answer
Who selects the traits (nature vs humans)
27
Question
What is the main idea of the unit summary term adaptation?
Answer
Heritable trait that increases survival or reproduction
28
Question
What is the term for patterns of appearances and disappearances in the fossil record?
Answer
Fossil record patterns
29
Question
What dating method helps determine the age of rock layers and fossils?
Answer
Radiometric dating
30
Question
Which event marks a rapid diversification of life roughly 550 million years ago?
Answer
Cambrian explosion