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Genes Evolution and Behavior
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1
Question
How do genes influence behavior indirectly?
Answer
By producing proteins that shape physical structures like brain and muscles
2
Question
What emerges from interaction of genetic structures and environment?
Answer
Behavior
3
Question
What role do structural proteins play in the body?
Answer
Form cells and tissues
4
Question
What do enzymes produced by genes do?
Answer
Regulate chemical reactions in cells
5
Question
What is the primary function of most human DNA?
Answer
Regulatory, turning coding genes on or off
6
Question
How do regulatory genes contribute to human-chimpanzee brain differences?
Answer
By affecting development and gene expression
7
Question
How does environment affect gene expression?
Answer
Activates or silences genes
8
Question
What is an example of environment triggering gene expression?
Answer
Exercise activates muscle growth genes
9
Question
What is epigenetics?
Answer
Heritable changes in gene expression without DNA sequence alteration
10
Question
What determines sex in reptiles like turtles?
Answer
Egg incubation temperature, not genes alone
11
Question
How does early abuse affect human gene expression?
Answer
Epigenetic changes increasing depression and addiction risk
12
Question
What does sexual reproduction introduce in genetics?
Answer
Shuffling of genes leading to diversity
13
Question
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
Answer
23 pairs, one set from each parent
14
Question
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
Answer
Dominant expressed if present; recessive only if both alleles present
15
Question
What are polygenic traits?
Answer
Traits like height and intelligence influenced by multiple genes
16
Question
What do 'chemical tags' in epigenetics do?
Answer
Alter gene expression on DNA or histones
17
Question
What is Darwin's core insight in natural selection?
Answer
Traits improving survival and reproduction become common
18
Question
What are the four key concepts of natural selection?
Answer
Variation, heritability, overproduction, differential survival
19
Question
What provides the raw material for natural selection?
Answer
Genetic diversity from mutations, recombination, sexual reproduction
20
Question
Why do advantageous traits spread in natural selection?
Answer
They improve survival and reproduction in current environment
21
Question
What is a distal explanation in psychology?
Answer
Evolutionary reason for behavior's existence (survival/reproduction)
22
Question
What is a proximate explanation in psychology?
Answer
How behavior works via biological mechanisms and learning
23
Question
Why might not every trait have an adaptive purpose?
Answer
Some are vestigial, byproducts, or due to chance mutations
24
Question
What are species-typical behaviors?
Answer
Universal behaviors characteristic of nearly all species members
25
Question
What do homologies reveal in evolutionary studies?
Answer
Similarities due to shared ancestry
26
Question
What do analogies show in convergent evolution?
Answer
Similar traits from similar environmental challenges
27
Question
According to parental investment theory, why are females more selective?
Answer
They invest more in offspring
28
Question
What explains polygyny in mating systems?
Answer
Males control resources; females cluster
29
Question
When does monogamy evolve?
Answer
When offspring survival requires both parents' care
30
Question
Why are males more aggressive evolutionarily?
Answer
To compete for mates and reproductive opportunities