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Joints Anatomy Pain and Upper Extremity Exams
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1
Question
What defines a joint as a functional unit?
Answer
Where two or more bones articulate to permit movement
2
Question
What type of joint is immovable, like skull sutures?
Answer
Synarthroses (fibrous joints)
3
Question
What characterizes slightly movable joints like the pubic symphysis?
Answer
Amphiarthroses or symphyses with fibrocartilage
4
Question
What features define synovial (movable) joints?
Answer
Hyaline cartilage on surfaces, joint capsule, and synovial fluid
5
Question
What movement axis characterizes hinge joints like the elbow?
Answer
Transverse axis for flexion and extension
6
Question
What type of joint allows rotation around a longitudinal axis, like proximal radioulnar?
Answer
Pivot joint
7
Question
What distinguishes condyloid joints like the wrist?
Answer
Biaxial oval surfaces allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
8
Question
What movement is permitted by saddle joints like the 1st CMC?
Answer
Biaxial movement in saddle-shaped surfaces
9
Question
What polyaxial joint type includes the hip and shoulder?
Answer
Ball-and-socket joints
10
Question
What is the primary movement in plane joints like patellofemoral?
Answer
Polyaxial gliding
11
Question
What pain quality suggests bone origin?
Answer
Deep, dull, boring, intense; often movement-independent unless fractured
12
Question
How does muscle pain typically present?
Answer
Crampy; related to use or ischemia; weakness in myopathy
13
Question
What worsens joint pain, except in rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer
Movement (RA pain often improves with movement)
14
Question
What temporal pattern suggests rheumatic conditions?
Answer
Morning stiffness or pain
15
Question
What indicates osteoarthritis pain pattern?
Answer
Worsens through the day with use
16
Question
What sudden pain in the 1st MTP joint suggests gout?
Answer
Acute inflammatory arthritis attack
17
Question
What is a common referred pain pattern in children?
Answer
Hip pain referring to the knee
18
Question
What post-strep symptom plus migratory arthritis indicates ARF?
Answer
Sore throat followed by acute rheumatic fever
19
Question
Where does thoracic spine pain typically radiate?
Answer
Along intercostal nerves wrapping around the chest
20
Question
What dermatome does upper lumbar spine pain affect?
Answer
Anterior thighs and knees
21
Question
How does lower lumbar pain radiate?
Answer
To coccyx, hips, buttocks, posterior legs to heels; worsens with sneeze/cough
22
Question
What exam step assesses spine alignment?
Answer
Inspect curves and posture
23
Question
What tests reproduce sciatica pain?
Answer
Straight-Leg Raise and Sitting Knee Extension
24
Question
What maneuver suggests cervical rib with pulse changes?
Answer
Arm and neck positioning causing pulse obliteration ± subclavian bruit
25
Question
What should be considered for shoulder pain before MSK evaluation?
Answer
Referred pain from cardiac, pulmonary, biliary, or cervical sources
26
Question
Which test assesses supraspinatus rotator cuff function?
Answer
Jobe/Empty Can or Full Can test
27
Question
What test evaluates infraspinatus strength?
Answer
External Rotation Lag test
28
Question
How is teres minor tested?
Answer
Hornblower's (Patte) test
29
Question
What tests subscapularis function?
Answer
Lift-Off (inferior) or Belly-Press (superior) test
30
Question
Which tests indicate shoulder impingement?
Answer
Neer or Hawkins-Kennedy test