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Psychology Basics and History
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1
Question
What is psychology?
Answer
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
2
Question
What are the goals of psychology?
Answer
To describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes.
3
Question
What is the goal of description in psychology?
Answer
To systematically record the characteristics of a situation or behavior.
4
Question
What is the goal of explanation in psychology?
Answer
To identify the causes of behavior and mental processes.
5
Question
What is a hypothesis in psychology?
Answer
A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
6
Question
What is a thesis in psychology?
Answer
A formal statement or proposition supported by evidence in research.
7
Question
What is the goal of prediction in psychology?
Answer
To use observations and theories to forecast future behavior.
8
Question
What is the goal of influence in psychology?
Answer
To apply psychological knowledge to change or control behavior for improvement.
9
Question
What is basic science in psychology?
Answer
Research focused on understanding fundamental principles without immediate application.
10
Question
What is applied science in psychology?
Answer
Research aimed at solving practical problems and applying knowledge.
11
Question
What is the relationship between basic and applied science in psychology?
Answer
Basic science provides foundational knowledge that informs applied science applications.
12
Question
What is empiricism in psychology?
Answer
The view that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation.
13
Question
What is the scientific method in psychology?
Answer
A systematic process of observation, hypothesis testing, experimentation, and analysis to understand phenomena.
14
Question
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Answer
Observe and identify a problem or phenomenon.
15
Question
What is the second step of the scientific method?
Answer
Formulate a testable hypothesis.
16
Question
What is the third step of the scientific method?
Answer
Design and conduct an experiment.
17
Question
What is the fourth step of the scientific method?
Answer
Analyze the data collected.
18
Question
What is the fifth step of the scientific method?
Answer
Draw conclusions and communicate results.
19
Question
What are the four humors?
Answer
Ancient theory by Hippocrates that personality derives from four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile.
20
Question
What is phrenology?
Answer
Pseudoscience claiming personality traits are determined by skull shape.
21
Question
What are the origins of psychology from philosophy to science?
Answer
Evolved from philosophical inquiry into empirical science with Wundt's first lab in 1879.
22
Question
What is structuralism in psychology?
Answer
School of thought analyzing mind's structure through introspection of sensations.
23
Question
Who founded structuralism?
Answer
William Wundt, established first psychology lab in 1879.
24
Question
What is introspection in structuralism?
Answer
Self-examination of one's conscious experiences to break down mental processes.
25
Question
What is functionalism in psychology?
Answer
School of thought focusing on how mental processes function to adapt to environment.
26
Question
Who led functionalism?
Answer
William James, emphasized stream of consciousness.
27
Question
How did Charles Darwin influence functionalism?
Answer
His theory of evolution suggested mind adapts for survival.
28
Question
What is the theory of evolution?
Answer
Darwin's idea that species change over time through adaptation.
29
Question
What is natural selection?
Answer
Process where organisms best adapted to environment survive and reproduce.
30
Question
What is survival of the fittest?
Answer
Darwin's phrase for natural selection favoring advantageous traits.