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Multicultural US History and Music Cultures
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1
Question
What does Ronald Takaki argue about U.S. history in 'A Different Mirror'?
Answer
Multicultural, including Africans, Asians, Indigenous peoples, not just Europeans
2
Question
How do marginalized groups' experiences get treated in master narratives according to Takaki?
Answer
Erased or overlooked, requiring multiple perspectives for full history
3
Question
What role did cultural connectedness play in U.S. struggles per Takaki?
Answer
People of different cultures collaborated, like Mexicans and Japanese in labor strikes
4
Question
What foundational elements does Takaki identify in the U.S.?
Answer
Racism and inequality shaping social and economic structures
5
Question
What is Christopher Small's central question in 'Music and Musicking'?
Answer
'What is really going on here?' focusing on music as activity
6
Question
How does Small redefine music beyond a static object?
Answer
As 'musicking,' encompassing all activities like composing, listening, performing
7
Question
What examples illustrate Small's concept of musicking?
Answer
Composing, practicing, performing, cleaning venues, handing out tickets
8
Question
According to Mark Katz, how does recording technology affect music?
Answer
Reshapes making, hearing, and valuing music through 'phonograph effects'
9
Question
What non-neutral aspect does Katz highlight in technological change?
Answer
Reflects and influences social, cultural, economic forces
10
Question
How has the digital revolution impacted music circulation per Katz?
Answer
Global spread raises issues of access, ownership, identity
11
Question
What is Katz's view on recorded vs. live music?
Answer
Neither superior; they differ and won't equal each other
12
Question
What are Child Ballads as described by Stanley Hyman?
Answer
305 traditional British and Scottish folk ballads compiled by Francis James Child
13
Question
How did fewer Child Ballads adapt in America according to Hyman?
Answer
Reshaped by U.S. culture, softening tragedy, sex, incest, supernatural themes
14
Question
What cultural resistance do American ballad versions show per Hyman?
Answer
To death and tragedy, emphasizing morality, optimism, piety
15
Question
What elements diminish in Americanized Child Ballads per Hyman?
Answer
Good poetry, magic, sex, incest, kin-murder, dramatic movement, meaning
16
Question
How does Hyman critique American ballad adaptations?
Answer
They become less real, nonsensical with realistic touches, animal songs, Christianization
17
Question
What function do corridos serve in Texas-Mexican communities per Richard Flores?
Answer
Narrate history, struggle, identity as social texts
18
Question
How do corridos resist dominance according to Flores?
Answer
As 'oral newspapers' critiquing Anglo dominance for marginalized people
19
Question
What forms blend in corridos per Flores?
Answer
European ballad forms with local Texas-Mexican context
20
Question
What distinguishes Sesictos Corridos from Lower Border Corridos?
Answer
Sesictos focus on real Texas-Mexican events; Lower Border on legendary figures
21
Question
According to Arthur Jones, what do African American spirituals encode?
Answer
Struggle, resistance, hope during slavery and oppression
22
Question
How is music communal in African American spirituals per Jones?
Answer
Participatory act reinforcing collective identity and resilience
23
Question
What reinterpretation occurs in spirituals like 'Joshua Fit the Battle'?
Answer
Biblical stories reflect African American liberation and survival experiences
24
Question
What characterizes music cultures in debunking master narratives?
Answer
Preferences, sound quality, performance practices
25
Question
How are aesthetic discriminations in music defined?
Answer
Culturally determined judgments of 'good' or 'appropriate' music
26
Question
Why is 'good' music not universal per the notes?
Answer
Culturally determined, not inherent
27
Question
From where does music derive its meaning?
Answer
From culture: shared beliefs and practices passed across generations
28
Question
What is John Blacking's definition of music?
Answer
Humanly organized sound from group behavior
29
Question
How does Christopher Small redefine music in the notes?
Answer
Not a thing, but an activity people do
30
Question
Why might some cultures lack a word for music?
Answer
Aesthetic category for organized sound is not universal