/
Organic Compounds and Proteins
Save to my account
Sign up
Organic Compounds and Proteins
Organic Compounds and Proteins
Study
1
Question
What role does dehydration synthesis play in organic compound formation?
Answer
Links monomers by removing water to form polymers
2
Question
How does hydrolysis function in digestion of organic compounds?
Answer
Breaks polymers into monomers by adding water
3
Question
What determines the properties of the four organic compound groups?
Answer
Sequence and subcomponents of carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
4
Question
What are the cellular functions of carbohydrates?
Answer
Energy storage and structural support
5
Question
What are the cellular functions of lipids?
Answer
Energy storage, membrane formation, signaling
6
Question
What are the cellular functions of proteins?
Answer
Enzymatic catalysis, transport, structure, defense
7
Question
What are the cellular functions of nucleic acids?
Answer
Hereditary information storage and transmission
8
Question
How do changes in organic molecules affect their function?
Answer
Alter shape, binding, or reactivity disrupting activity
9
Question
What are the four structural levels of proteins?
Answer
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
10
Question
How can changes at protein structural levels affect activity?
Answer
Disrupt folding, binding sites, or interactions
11
Question
How do proteins reach their final conformation?
Answer
Through folding assisted by chaperonins and interactions
12
Question
What impact does denaturing have on protein structure?
Answer
Unfolds proteins disrupting function via heat or pH
13
Question
How do environmental changes like heat and pH affect organisms?
Answer
Denature proteins leading to loss of function or death
14
Question
What is protein directionality in polymers?
Answer
Amino (N-terminus) to carboxyl (C-terminus) ends
15
Question
How does directionality influence nucleic acid structure?
Answer
5' phosphate to 3' hydroxyl ends determine polarity
16
Question
What are monomers in protein synthesis?
Answer
Amino acids linked by peptide bonds
17
Question
What are polymers in protein formation?
Answer
Polypeptides from amino acid chains
18
Question
What are macromolecules in proteins?
Answer
Proteins as giant molecules of polypeptides
19
Question
How do amino acids connect in proteins?
Answer
Via covalent peptide bonds in condensation reactions
20
Question
Why is each protein's amino acid sequence unique?
Answer
Determines specific structure and function
21
Question
What does dehydration synthesis form from monomers?
Answer
Polymers by removing H2O and forming bonds
22
Question
What does hydrolysis do to polymers?
Answer
Breaks bonds by adding H2O to yield monomers
23
Question
In dehydration synthesis, what is removed to link monomers?
Answer
Water molecule (H from one, OH from another)
24
Question
In hydrolysis of a polymer, what is added to break bonds?
Answer
Water molecule across the covalent bond
25
Question
What reaction synthesizes a disaccharide from monosaccharides?
Answer
Dehydration synthesis forming glycosidic linkage
26
Question
What reaction breaks a triglyceride into glycerol and fatty acids?
Answer
Hydrolysis adding 3 H2O molecules
27
Question
What is proteomics?
Answer
Analysis of proteins and their sequences
28
Question
How do protein sequences vary across species like human and monkey?
Answer
Similar but with specific amino acid differences
29
Question
What elements make up proteins?
Answer
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
30
Question
What fraction of cell dry weight are proteins?
Answer
About 50%