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Pharmacology Basics
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1
Question
What is a drug according to the definition?
Answer
Any chemical affecting physiological processes of a living organism
2
Question
How is generic name of a medicine defined?
Answer
The chemical name of the medicine
3
Question
What does trade name refer to in pharmaceuticals?
Answer
Commercial name given by the pharmaceutical company
4
Question
What is therapeutic classification based on?
Answer
How a drug treats a specific disease, disorder, or symptom
5
Question
What distinguishes therapeutic from pharmacologic classification?
Answer
Therapeutic is visible use; pharmacologic is microscopic mechanism
6
Question
What is pharmaceutics in pharmacology?
Answer
Science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage form design
7
Question
Define pharmacokinetics.
Answer
Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
8
Question
What does pharmacodynamics study?
Answer
Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs at activity sites
9
Question
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
Answer
Treatment of pathological conditions through drug use
10
Question
What process is involved in drug absorption?
Answer
Entry into the bloodstream from administration site
11
Question
How does distribution of drugs occur in the body?
Answer
Drugs move around the body to target sites
12
Question
What role does the liver play in drug metabolism?
Answer
Primary site for enzyme-dependent conversion to metabolites
13
Question
What is excretion in pharmacokinetics?
Answer
Elimination of drugs, primarily by kidneys
14
Question
Define bioavailability.
Answer
Extent a substance becomes available to its biological destination
15
Question
What is the first-pass effect?
Answer
Metabolism of medication at a specific body location before systemic circulation
16
Question
What is protein binding in drug context?
Answer
Reversible attachment of drugs to plasma proteins like albumin
17
Question
What indicates onset of action for a drug?
Answer
Time until the drug's effect begins
18
Question
Define peak effect of a drug.
Answer
Maximum effectiveness of the drug, such as in pain control
19
Question
What is duration of action?
Answer
Length of time a drug continues to work
20
Question
How is peak level defined in drug monitoring?
Answer
Highest concentration of drug in the blood
21
Question
What does trough level represent?
Answer
Lowest concentration of drug in the blood
22
Question
What causes toxicity in drug therapy?
Answer
Excessive drug buildup leading to harm
23
Question
Define half-life of a drug.
Answer
Time for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body
24
Question
What is therapeutic drug monitoring used for?
Answer
Monitoring drugs with narrow safety margins
25
Question
What does an agonist drug do?
Answer
Mimics the natural receptor's action
26
Question
How does an antagonist function?
Answer
Blocks or opposes the natural substance's action
27
Question
Define medication errors.
Answer
Preventable adverse events from inappropriate medication use
28
Question
What is an adverse drug reaction?
Answer
Unwanted effects possibly related to a drug
29
Question
What characterizes a pharmacological drug reaction?
Answer
Normal effects where the drug is overly effective
30
Question
What triggers a hypersensitivity reaction?
Answer
Unusual immune response with inflammation and histamine release