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Spirometry Pulmonary Function Testing
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1
Question
What is the primary purpose of spirometry in pulmonary function testing?
Answer
Measures volume and speed of inhaled and exhaled air
2
Question
How does spirometry help monitor disease progression?
Answer
Compares current results to baseline values
3
Question
What are key indications for performing spirometry?
Answer
Assess asthma, evaluate treatments, pre-op assessment
4
Question
What instructions ensure optimal spirometry performance?
Answer
Maximal inspiration, forceful expiration for 6 seconds
5
Question
What do volume-time (VT) loops represent in spirometry?
Answer
Graphical plot of exhaled volume over time
6
Question
What shape characterizes a normal flow-volume loop?
Answer
Teardrop-shaped curve
7
Question
What are absolute contraindications for spirometry?
Answer
Recent MI, stroke, uncontrolled hypertension, aneurysm
8
Question
Define Inspiratory Capacity (IC) in lung volumes.
Answer
Largest volume inspired from resting expiratory level
9
Question
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Answer
Largest volume expired from resting end-expiratory level
10
Question
How is Vital Capacity (VC) measured?
Answer
Complete expiration after maximal inspiration without force
11
Question
What factors influence Vital Capacity (VC) variation?
Answer
Height, age, ethnicity, sex, body position, time of day
12
Question
What conditions cause reduced Vital Capacity (VC)?
Answer
Lung cancer, edema, fibrosis, obstruction, restriction
13
Question
Differentiate Slow Vital Capacity (SVC) from Forced Vital Capacity (FVC).
Answer
SVC slow; FVC forceful and rapid
14
Question
What is Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)?
Answer
Maximum volume expired forcefully after maximal inspiration
15
Question
When may FVC differ from VC by more than 150 mL?
Answer
Poor effort, obstructive disease, airway collapse
16
Question
What reproducibility criterion applies to FVC trials?
Answer
Highest two within 150 mL of each other
17
Question
Describe steps for performing FVC maneuver.
Answer
Rapid maximal inspiration, forceful rapid expiration
18
Question
What defines a good FVC test effort?
Answer
No cough, leaks; 6+ seconds exhalation; three trials
19
Question
Define Forced Expiratory Volume in t seconds (FEVt).
Answer
Volume expired in specified time interval during FVC
20
Question
What is the most common FEVt measurement?
Answer
FEV1 (first second, in liters, BTPS corrected)
21
Question
How is FEV1/FVC ratio calculated and expressed?
Answer
(FEV1/FVC) x 100 as percentage
22
Question
What is Forced Expiratory Flow (FEFx)?
Answer
Flow rates at specific FVC points (L/sec)
23
Question
What does FEF25%-75% measure?
Answer
Average flow during middle half of FVC maneuver
24
Question
What reduces FEV1 in both restrictive and obstructive diseases?
Answer
Impaired lung expansion or airflow limitation
25
Question
How does FEV1/FVC ratio distinguish obstructive from restrictive disease?
Answer
Obstructive: <70%; restrictive: normal or elevated
26
Question
What is normal average Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) in adults?
Answer
4-5 L/sec from medium to small airways
27
Question
What conditions reduce FEF flows?
Answer
Obstructive diseases and smoking
28
Question
What can be directly read from a flow-volume loop?
Answer
PEF, PIF, FVC
29
Question
Why is the last 25% of expiration effort-independent?
Answer
Depends on elastic recoil and flow resistance
30
Question
What does scooping in the last 25% of flow-volume loop indicate?
Answer
Poor FEF25-75%, small airway obstruction