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Atoms Bonds and Water Properties
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1
Question
What determines an atom's chemical properties?
Answer
Balance of protons and electrons
2
Question
What role do protons play in the atomic nucleus?
Answer
Positively charged particles with mass of 1 amu
3
Question
How do neutrons contribute to atomic mass?
Answer
Neutral particles with mass of 1 amu each
4
Question
Why are electrons not included in atomic mass calculations?
Answer
Negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons
5
Question
What defines the atomic number of an element?
Answer
Number of protons in the nucleus
6
Question
How is atomic mass calculated for an atom?
Answer
Total protons plus neutrons
7
Question
What distinguishes isotopes of the same element?
Answer
Different numbers of neutrons
8
Question
What happens in radioactive isotope decay?
Answer
Unstable nucleus transforms into another element
9
Question
What are valence electrons?
Answer
Electrons in the outermost shell
10
Question
How does the octet rule influence chemical bonding?
Answer
Atoms seek 8 valence electrons for stability
11
Question
What is a cation and how is it formed?
Answer
Positively charged ion from electron loss
12
Question
What forms an anion in ionic bonding?
Answer
Negatively charged ion from electron gain
13
Question
What defines a chemical compound?
Answer
Two or more elements in fixed ratios
14
Question
How do ionic bonds form between atoms?
Answer
Electron transfer creating charged ions
15
Question
What characterizes covalent bonds in molecules?
Answer
Shared electrons between atoms
16
Question
Why can carbon form four covalent bonds?
Answer
Has 4 valence electrons
17
Question
What makes carbon central to organic chemistry?
Answer
Forms chains, rings, and complex structures
18
Question
How do double bonds differ from single bonds?
Answer
Share two electron pairs instead of one
19
Question
What is the duet rule for small atoms?
Answer
Stability with 2 valence electrons for H and He
20
Question
What property allows water to form hydrogen bonds?
Answer
Polarity with partial charges on atoms
21
Question
How does water's bent shape contribute to polarity?
Answer
Unequal electron sharing due to electronegativity
22
Question
What is cohesion in water molecules?
Answer
Attraction between water molecules causing surface tension
23
Question
How does adhesion enable capillary action in plants?
Answer
Water attraction to plant tissues pulls it upward
24
Question
Why does water have high specific heat?
Answer
Absorbs heat via hydrogen bond breaking
25
Question
What cooling effect does high heat of vaporization provide?
Answer
Absorbs large heat during evaporation
26
Question
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Answer
Hydrogen bonds form open lattice structure
27
Question
How does floating ice protect aquatic life?
Answer
Insulates water below from freezing
28
Question
What makes water a universal solvent?
Answer
Polarity dissolves ionic and polar substances
29
Question
How do solutions differ from suspensions?
Answer
Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous mixtures
30
Question
What ions form when water dissociates?
Answer
H+ and OH- ions