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Postclassical Civilizations Review
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1
Question
What was the purpose of the Mandate of Heaven in Chinese dynastic rule?
Answer
Justified overthrow of corrupt dynasties and legitimized the emperor as Son of Heaven
2
Question
How did Confucianism influence government and social structure in imperial China?
Answer
Merit-based bureaucracy; ethical governance and social order through relationships
3
Question
How did Sinification affect Korea’s relation to China?
Answer
Tributary relationship; adoption of Chinese culture by aristocracy; Buddhism dominant
4
Question
How did Sinification influence Vietnam?
Answer
Tributary status; adoption of Chinese governmental structures with local customs preserved
5
Question
What was a key result of selective adoption of Chinese culture in Japan?
Answer
Blending with Shinto; unique cultural identity while borrowing elements
6
Question
What is Champa rice and its economic impact on China?
Answer
Fast-ripening rice from Vietnam; boosted productivity and population growth with multiple harvests
7
Question
What was the Grand Canal’s economic significance?
Answer
Facilitated internal trade; unified economy and transport of grain/goods
8
Question
What did the Tribute System signify in Sino-diplomacy?
Answer
Trade privileges in exchange for recognizing Chinese superiority and diplomacy
9
Question
Who were the main drivers of the spread of Islam according to the packet?
Answer
Merchants, missionaries, Sufis, and military conquest
10
Question
What regions did Muslim missionary activity principally influence?
Answer
Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Southeast Asia
11
Question
What regions saw Islamic rule established through military conquest?
Answer
India (Delhi Sultanate), Anatolia (Ottoman Empire), Spain
12
Question
What influence did Judaism have on Islamic faith and practice in the period discussed?
Answer
Monotheism, prophetic tradition, dietary laws, emphasis on law and scripture
13
Question
How did Islam influence Africa according to the page?
Answer
Spread through trade; Mali kingdoms; Arabic literacy introduced
14
Question
What role did merchants play in spreading Islam and where did it spread?
Answer
Merchant activity created trading communities; Indian Ocean routes, Southeast Asia, East Africa
15
Question
What roles did missionaries play in the spread of Islam and where did they spread?
Answer
Preached teachings; established schools and mosques; Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Southeast Asia
16
Question
What regions saw military conquest as a means of spreading Islam and where?
Answer
Delhi Sultanate in India; Ottoman expansion in Anatolia; Spain
17
Question
Name three broad intellectual innovations in the Dar al-Islam and give an example for each.
Answer
Mathematics (al-Khwarizmi, algebra); Literature (Persian poetry, Arabic chronicles); Medicine (medical encyclopedias, hospitals)
18
Question
Which belief systems were present in South and Southeast Asia between 1200 and 1450?
Answer
Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam
19
Question
What were the effects of Hinduism in South Asia during this period?
Answer
Dharma, karma, caste; social structure; regional variation adaption
20
Question
What were the effects of Buddhism in South Asia during this period?
Answer
Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path; declined in India but influenced art/philosophy
21
Question
Which states formed in South and Southeast Asia and what were their dominant religions?
Answer
Vijayanagar (Hinduism); Srivijaya (Buddhism, later Islam); Majapahit (Hinduism/Buddhism)
22
Question
Describe Srivijaya Empire's basis of power and religion change.
Answer
Maritime trade control; Buddhism initially; later Islam influence
23
Question
What characterized Majapahit in terms of religion and economy?
Answer
Javanese empire; Hinduism and Buddhism; spice trade; tributary system; later Islam
24
Question
What economic basis supported Mali and similar states in Africa?
Answer
Trans-Saharan gold and salt trade; agricultural base; strategic trade routes
25
Question
What is a notable architecture/technological achievement associated with West Africa’s Mali?
Answer
Mosque architecture; iron working; advanced agricultural techniques
26
Question
What were the religious systems of the Mexica/Aztecs and Incas?
Answer
Aztecs: polytheistic; human sacrifice; Huitzilopochtli; calendar; temples. Incas: Inti worship; ancestor worship; mummified rulers
27
Question
What are the key technological innovations of the Inca?
Answer
Terraced agriculture; quipu; advanced metallurgy
28
Question
What are the five broad categories used to compare African Mali’s state development in the chart?
Answer
State; Political Organization; Social/Cultural; Economic; Technological Innovations
29
Question
What form of social memory preserved traditions in Mali?
Answer
Griots
30
Question
What major rivers or trade routes are associated with the Mali Empire’s economy?
Answer
Trans-Saharan trade routes