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Intro Biology Study Guide
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Intro Biology Study Guide
Intro Biology Study Guide
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1
Question
What are the first four steps of the scientific method (in order) as listed?
Answer
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction
2
Question
What is kept the same in both experimental and control groups?
Answer
Controlled variables
3
Question
What is the independent variable?
Answer
Deliberately changed variable between groups
4
Question
What makes results good in science according to the guide?
Answer
Repeatable by others and original investigators
5
Question
What is a bioassay used to test?
Answer
Fertilizers, herbicides, new drugs, and environmental effects
6
Question
What unit do micropipettes measure in?
Answer
Microliters (µL)
7
Question
What does 1 mL being 0.001 L imply for 17 mL?
Answer
0.017 L
8
Question
What are the main types of biomolecules listed under Biomolecules?
Answer
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids
9
Question
What are proteins described as in this guide?
Answer
Polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
10
Question
What are lipids described as in this guide?
Answer
Glycerol + fatty acids (hydrophobic)
11
Question
List two functional groups mentioned and a key feature of each.
Answer
Amino (contains N); Hydroxyl (-OH, hydrogen bonding)
12
Question
What is the carboxyl functional group described as?
Answer
-COOH, acidic
13
Question
What is the phosphate functional group associated with?
Answer
Energy transfer (-PO4^3−)
14
Question
What does magnification describe in microscopy?
Answer
Amount an object is enlarged
15
Question
What does contrast refer to in microscopy?
Answer
How much details stand out from background
16
Question
What is meant by total magnification for a microscope?
Answer
Ocular × objective (e.g., 10X × 10X = 100X)
17
Question
What are the three universal features of all cells listed?
Answer
DNA, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
18
Question
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes according to the guide?
Answer
Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them
19
Question
Which cells have cell walls according to the guide?
Answer
Plant and bacteria cells
20
Question
What are enzymes described as in this guide?
Answer
Biological catalysts (not consumed)
21
Question
Where does a substrate bind in an enzyme?
Answer
Active site
22
Question
What happens during enzyme reactions to energy barriers?
Answer
Lower activation energy
23
Question
What is competitive inhibition?
Answer
Mimics substrate and competes for the active site
24
Question
What is noncompetitive inhibition?
Answer
Binds elsewhere and alters enzyme shape
25
Question
Give an enzyme example that causes browning in potatoes.
Answer
Polyphenol oxidase (catalyzes catechol to benzoquinone)
26
Question
What is a metabolic pathway?
Answer
Series of linked chemical reactions
27
Question
What are the inputs and outputs of aerobic cellular respiration?
Answer
Inputs: glucose + O2; Outputs: CO2 + H2O + ATP
28
Question
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain as noted?
Answer
O2
29
Question
What are the products of yeast fermentation according to the guide?
Answer
Ethanol + CO2 + small ATP
30
Question
What is the ultimate energy source for photosynthesis?
Answer
Sunlight