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Divine Command Theory and Conventionalism
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1
Question
What is the central claim of Divine Command Theory?
Answer
Right and wrong are determined solely by God's free command.
2
Question
Why would there be no free command if God responded to other factors in determining right and wrong?
Answer
Because moral facts would limit God's freedom to command.
3
Question
What is theological voluntarism?
Answer
The view that God's freedom to command defines morality.
4
Question
According to Divine Command Theory, how is the goodness of an action determined?
Answer
By its relation to God's command.
5
Question
What is the meaning of 'Divine Command Theory' as a term to know?
Answer
Right and wrong are determined solely by God's free command.
6
Question
What example is given to illustrate an obligatory action in Divine Command Theory?
Answer
Honor your parents; do not insult them
7
Question
What is the relationship between God’s commands and the good in the intellectualist option?
Answer
God commands what is already good.
8
Question
What is the consequence of accepting the intellectualist option for divine command theory?
Answer
Good becomes independent of God’s free command.
9
Question
What is a suggested way to connect ethics with God without using divine command theory?
Answer
Ethics based on God’s creation purpose or example.
10
Question
What is conventionalism in ethics?
Answer
A relativist theory where what is good is determined by society, convention, or culture.
11
Question
How does conventionalism view universal ethical truths?
Answer
There are no universal ethical truths applicable across all societies.
12
Question
What determines what is good under conventionalism?
Answer
goodness is relative to a specific society, convention, or culture.
13
Question
Give an example of a conventionalist assessment related to wealth distribution.
Answer
If wealth distribution benefits society, it is considered good within that society.
14
Question
Give an example of a conventionalist assessment based on cultural acceptance.
Answer
Unequal wealth is good because it is largely accepted by that culture.
15
Question
Why does conventionalism imply no culture is morally superior to another?
Answer
Because each culture's practices are right within its own context.
16
Question
What is the stance on authority-address form in some cultures according to conventionalism?
Answer
Addressing authorities by given/first names is unacceptable in some cultures but not others.
17
Question
What is a key consequence of conventionalism for cross-cultural comparisons?
Answer
There are no standards to compare two societies as morally better or worse.
18
Question
What are the four standard ethical judgments introduced in conventionalist practice?
Answer
Obligatory, Permissible, Neutral, Supererogatory.
19
Question
Define 'Permissible' in the context of conventionalism.
Answer
An action that is not wrong to perform.
20
Question
Define 'Obligatory' in conventionalist ethics.
Answer
An action that must be performed.
21
Question
Define 'Impermissible' in conventionalist ethics.
Answer
An action that is wrong to perform.
22
Question
Define 'Neutral' in conventionalist ethics.
Answer
An action that is neither right nor wrong to perform.
23
Question
What does 'Supererogatory' mean in this framework?
Answer
An action that morally exceeds what is obligatory.
24
Question
According to conventionalism, how is divorce viewed in the US, France, Britain, and Spain?
Answer
Divorce is morally permissible in those places because it is widely accepted.
25
Question
How does conventionalism explain the death penalty's acceptability?
Answer
It is permissible in parts of the US and the Middle East but impermissible in most of Europe.
26
Question
What does the term 'conventionalism' imply about morality across cultures?
Answer
Morality depends on cultural conventions rather than universal facts.
27
Question
What is meant by 'no universal ethical truths' in conventionalism?
Answer
Ethical norms vary by culture and cannot be universally applied.
28
Question
What is a key takeaway from the marriage example in conventionalism?
Answer
Different cultures may consider both its forms acceptable within their own context.
29
Question
What is the role of empirical research in some conventionalist arguments?
Answer
To show what is good by what is useful for society's functioning.
30
Question
What is the conventionalist view of permissibility?
Answer
Permissible if not forbidden by the culture or society