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Perioperative Phases and Surgical Roles
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Perioperative Phases and Surgical Roles
Perioperative Phases and Surgical Roles
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1
Question
What are the three phases of the perioperative period?
Answer
Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative
2
Question
When does the preoperative phase begin and end?
Answer
Begins at the decision for surgery; ends when the patient is moved to the OR table
3
Question
When does the intraoperative phase begin and end?
Answer
Begins when the patient is on the OR table; ends at PACU admission
4
Question
When does the postoperative phase begin and end?
Answer
Begins at PACU admission; ends with follow-up evaluation
5
Question
Give an example of a diagnostic surgical procedure.
Answer
Biopsy or exploratory laparotomy
6
Question
Give an example of a curative surgical procedure.
Answer
Excision of a tumor or inflamed appendix
7
Question
Give an example of a reparative surgical procedure.
Answer
Multiple wound repair
8
Question
Give an example of a reconstructive or cosmetic surgery.
Answer
Mammoplasty or facelift
9
Question
What is palliative surgery?
Answer
Relieves pain or corrects a problem, e.g., gastrostomy tube insertion
10
Question
What does elective surgery mean in terms of urgency?
Answer
Scheduled at patient’s convenience; not catastrophic if delayed
11
Question
What characterizes required surgery?
Answer
Must occur within a few weeks due to condition
12
Question
What characterizes urgent surgery?
Answer
Needs attention within 24 to 48 hours
13
Question
What characterizes emergency surgery?
Answer
Requires immediate surgical attention without delay
14
Question
What is informed consent in the surgical context?
Answer
The patient’s autonomous decision about undergoing surgery after being informed of risks
15
Question
What are the purposes of informed consent?
Answer
Understand treatment and complications; confirm voluntary decision; protect patient from unauthorized procedure; protect team/hospital from liability
16
Question
Who obtains informed consent?
Answer
The surgeon
17
Question
Who are the members of the surgical team mentioned?
Answer
Circulating nurse and scrub nurse
18
Question
What are the main responsibilities of the circulating nurse?
Answer
Verify consent; coordinate the team; ensure cleanliness; manage environment and equipment; ensure supplies; oversee second surgical-site verification
19
Question
What does the circulating nurse monitor regarding asepsis?
Answer
Aseptic technique and related personnel movement; fire safety precautions
20
Question
What is the role of the scrub nurse?
Answer
Performs hand scrubs; sets up sterile tables; prepares sutures, ligatures, and equipment
21
Question
What is an urgent surgical condition example given?
Answer
A cancer requiring attention within 24 to 48 hours.
22
Question
What is an emergency surgical condition example given?
Answer
Intestinal obstruction requiring immediate attention.
23
Question
What is the role of the circulating nurse?
Answer
Verify consent, coordinate team, ensure cleanliness, manage environment, ensure supplies, document site verification.
24
Question
What is the role of the scrub nurse?
Answer
Perform hand scrub, set up sterile tables, prepare sutures and equipment.
25
Question
What are typical duties of the anesthesiologist during surgery?
Answer
Pre-surgical assessment, select and administer anesthesia, monitor patient, manage airway, respond to issues.
26
Question
Why is the operating room environment divided into zones?
Answer
To control asepsis and limit microbial contamination.
27
Question
What intraoperative complication is addressed with preoperative or intraoperative antiemetics?
Answer
Nausea and vomiting
28
Question
What is the Kraské (jack-knife) position primarily used for?
Answer
Rectal procedures (pilonidal sinus, hemorrhoidectomy)
29
Question
What is the primary rationale for preoperative fasting after fatty meals in adults?
Answer
Reduce aspiration risk during anesthesia
30
Question
Why should wedding rings be secured with tape if removal is declined?
Answer
To prevent loss or contamination and ensure safety during surgery