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Cataracts Glaucoma and Retinal Detachment Review
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Cataracts Glaucoma and Retinal Detachment Review
Cataracts Glaucoma and Retinal Detachment Review
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1
Question
What is phacoemulsification in cataract extraction?
Answer
Ultrasonic liquefaction of lens nucleus/cortex, then suctioned out
2
Question
What are common postoperative nursing interventions after cataract surgery?
Answer
Pain management, antiemetics as needed, watch for increased IOP or infection signs
3
Question
What activities should be avoided soon after cataract surgery to prevent IOP spikes?
Answer
Coughing, sneezing, rapid bending from the waist
4
Question
What positioning is often comfortable after cataract surgery?
Answer
Head elevated about 30 degrees, lying on the unaffected side
5
Question
What eye protection is recommended post-cataract surgery?
Answer
Eye patch initially, then glasses or protective shield as directed by physician
6
Question
What does lens replacement option aphakic eyeglasses do to magnification?
Answer
Objects magnified by 25%
7
Question
What is the advantage of contact lenses after cataract surgery?
Answer
Near-normal vision; requires aphakic glasses as well
8
Question
What are IOL implant options for cataract patients?
Answer
Monofocal, multifocal, accommodative IOLs
9
Question
What characterizes acute angle-closure glaucoma in terms of angle status and IOP?
Answer
Angle obstruction; elevated IOP with rapid progression
10
Question
What are common clinical manifestations of acute close-angle glaucoma?
Answer
Periocular pain, conjunctival hyperemia, nausea/vomiting, bradycardia, sweating, peripheral vision loss, corneal edema
11
Question
What is the primary goal of keeping head elevated and on the unaffected side after eye surgery?
Answer
Reduce intraocular pressure and promote comfort
12
Question
Why should a patient avoid coughing or sneezing after eye surgery?
Answer
To prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
13
Question
What instruction helps minimize IOP during movement after surgery?
Answer
Avoid rapid bending from the waist; move slowly
14
Question
What is the recommended position for patient comfort post-eye surgery?
Answer
Head elevated 30 degrees, lying on the unaffected side
15
Question
What is the purpose of using an eye patch during the initial postoperative period?
Answer
Protect the eye and aid healing (1–2 days)
16
Question
What should a patient wear following eye surgery as instructed by the physician?
Answer
Glasses or a metal eye shield
17
Question
What is aphakic eyeglasses and how do they affect vision?
Answer
Magnify objects by about 25%, making them appear closer
18
Question
What are the three lens replacement options discussed?
Answer
Aphakic eyeglasses, contact lenses, IOL implants
19
Question
What is a monofocal IOL?
Answer
Single-focus lens for one distance
20
Question
What differentiates open-angle glaucoma from acute angle-closure glaucoma in terms of angle status?
Answer
Open-angle: angle open; Acute: angle closed/an obstruction at the trabecular meshwork
21
Question
What is a key clinical sign of acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Answer
Pain with nausea, vomiting, and markedly elevated IOP; red eye
22
Question
What diagnostic test measures intraocular pressure?
Answer
Tonometry
23
Question
Which medications are used to reduce IOP in acute glaucoma?
Answer
Hyperosmotic agents (e.g., acetazolamide), topical ocular hypotensives (pilocarpine, beta-blockers)
24
Question
What laser procedure may be used to treat acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Answer
Iridotomy (laser incision in the iris)
25
Question
What is a common learning point for patients on chronic open-angle glaucoma treatment?
Answer
Adherence to lifelong eye drop therapy and follow-up
26
Question
Why is it important to avoid corticosteroids and anticholinergics in glaucoma patients unless benefits outweigh risks?
Answer
They may increase intraocular pressure
27
Question
What is a typical symptom progression in chronic open-angle glaucoma?
Answer
Slow peripheral vision loss with eventual central vision preservation until later
28
Question
What lifestyle modification is advised for glaucoma management?
Answer
Low sodium diet to help control IOP
29
Question
What are common medications to avoid increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients and why?
Answer
Corticosteroids and anticholinergics because they may raise IOP and worsen glaucoma
30
Question
What characterizes chronic (open-angle) glaucoma in terms of eye anatomy?
Answer
Increased IOP with an open, normal-appearing anterior chamber angle