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Fundamentals of the Nervous System
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Fundamentals of the Nervous System
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
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1
Question
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Answer
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
2
Question
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Answer
Brain and spinal cord
3
Question
What does the peripheral nervous system include?
Answer
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nervous system
4
Question
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Answer
Neuron
5
Question
What are the components of a neuron?
Answer
Dendrites, axon, cell body
6
Question
What is the role of dendrites?
Answer
Carry impulses toward the cell body
7
Question
What is the role of an axon?
Answer
Transmits impulses away from the cell body
8
Question
What are sensory (afferent) neurons?
Answer
Transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS
9
Question
What are motor (efferent) neurons?
Answer
Transmit impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands
10
Question
Where are interneurons found and what is their role?
Answer
Found in the CNS; transmit sensory/motor impulses
11
Question
What is a neurotransmitter?
Answer
Chemical messenger between neurons or to target tissue
12
Question
List three roles neurotransmitters can have on target cells.
Answer
Excite, inhibit, or modulate activity
13
Question
What is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter associated with movement and alertness among the listed options?
Answer
Dopamine
14
Question
Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory and influences attention, learning, and memory?
Answer
Norepinephrine
15
Question
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Answer
Epinephrine
16
Question
Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory and involved in emotion regulation and various autonomic functions?
Answer
Serotonin
17
Question
Which neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory and signals the sleep-wake cycle?
Answer
Acetylcholine
18
Question
Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory and modulates other neurotransmitters?
Answer
GABA
19
Question
Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and associated with neural excitation and neurotoxicity at high levels?
Answer
Glutamate
20
Question
Which brain structure is listed under the cerebrum in the provided notes?
Answer
Frontal lobe
21
Question
What is the major function of the frontal lobe as described in the module?
Answer
Concentration, abstract thought, memory function
22
Question
Which brain area within the frontal lobe is responsible for motor control of speech?
Answer
Broca's area
23
Question
What is the primary role of motor neurons (efferent neurons)?
Answer
Transmit impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)
24
Question
Where are interneurons located?
Answer
Found entirely within the central nervous system
25
Question
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
Answer
Transmit messages between neurons or to target tissues and modulate activity
26
Question
Name two neurotransmitters and their general effect on target cells.
Answer
Dopamine – excitatory; Serotonin – inhibitory
27
Question
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood, sleep, and appetite regulation and is inhibitory?
Answer
Serotonin
28
Question
Which neurotransmitter signals muscles to become alert and can be excitatory or inhibitory?
Answer
Acetylcholine
29
Question
What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter mentioned in the content?
Answer
GABA
30
Question
Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and used in learning and memory, with potential neurotoxicity if levels are too high?
Answer
Glutamine (glutamate)