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Burn Assessment and Resuscitation Essentials
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Burn Assessment and Resuscitation Essentials
Burn Assessment and Resuscitation Essentials
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1
Question
What type of burn involves epidermis and possibly part of the dermis, with pain and a moist, blistered surface?
Answer
Second Degree burn (Deep-Partial Thickness)
2
Question
Which burn depth is pain-free and may involve subcutaneous tissue or muscle?
Answer
Third Degree burn (Full-Thickness)
3
Question
What is the primary characteristic of an extensive burn in terms of TBSA?
Answer
25% or more TBSA
4
Question
In the Rule of 9's for adults, what percentage is assigned to the head?
Answer
9%
5
Question
What method estimates burn size using the patient’s palm as approximately 1% TBSA?
Answer
Palm Method
6
Question
Which type of burn is caused by exposure to flames, hot liquids, steam, or hot objects and is the most common?
Answer
Thermal Burns
7
Question
Which burn type results from tissue contact with acids or alkalis and can cause systemic toxicity?
Answer
Chemical Burns
8
Question
What burn type occurs due to electrical energy passage and can cause internal tissue damage?
Answer
Electrical Burns
9
Question
Which burn category includes radiation exposure from UV, X-ray, or radioactive sources?
Answer
Radiation Burns
10
Question
In smoke inhalation burns, which clinical signs indicate airway involvement?
Answer
Facial burn, erythema, swelling of oro/nasopharynx, singed nasal hair, stridor
11
Question
What key assessment finding is characteristic of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Answer
Cherry red complexion and carboxyhemoglobinemia
12
Question
What is the management goal for carbon monoxide poisoning in terms of carboxyhemoglobin level?
Answer
Reduce to <5% carboxyhemoglobin
13
Question
What is a common pathophysiological change after burn injury leading to edema and IV volume decline?
Answer
↑ Vascular permeability leading to edema and hypovolemia
14
Question
What are the four key elements in Burn Injury assessment abbreviated as S-C-A-L-D?
Answer
Size, Cause, Age, Location, Depth
15
Question
What is the impact of inhalation injury on burn assessment and treatment?
Answer
Excludes certain patients; worsens prognosis and may require airway management
16
Question
What is the zone of coagulation in burn wounds?
Answer
Point of maximum damage (inner injury zone)
17
Question
What is the zone of stasis?
Answer
Decreased tissue perfusion with inflammation and injury
18
Question
What is the zone of hyperemia?
Answer
Outermost zone with increased perfusion and least damage
19
Question
What systemic changes occur due to fluid and electrolyte shifts in burns?
Answer
Local edema leading to blistering; massive systemic edema in severe burns
20
Question
What cardiac change marks burn shock onset?
Answer
Decreased cardiac output and falling blood pressure
21
Question
What cytokine may suppress myocardial contractility in burns?
Answer
TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
22
Question
How do inflammatory mediators affect the respiratory system after burns?
Answer
Bronchoconstriction and possible ARDS; decreased arterial O2 tension and lung compliance
23
Question
How does basal metabolic rate change after burns?
Answer
BMR increases up to 3 times its original rate
24
Question
What immunological change increases infection risk after burns?
Answer
Immunosuppression due to depressed immune function
25
Question
What hematologic change occurs early after a burn injury?
Answer
Increased hematocrit from plasma loss; later drop due to RBC damage and loss
26
Question
What renal response occurs initially after a burn injury?
Answer
Oliguria due to shunted blood flow, followed by diuresis as fluids are reabsorbed
27
Question
What is the initial goal of emergent/resuscitative burn management?
Answer
Prevent hypovolemic shock and preserve vital organs
28
Question
Which phase begins at injury and ends with complete fluid resuscitation?
Answer
Emergent/resuscitative phase
29
Question
What is the Parkland formula related to in burn care?
Answer
Fluid resuscitation based on weight and burn extent
30
Question
Which parameter is most sensitive for assessing cardiac output and tissue perfusion in burn patients?
Answer
Urinary output (UO)