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Endocrine System High Yield
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Endocrine System High Yield
Endocrine System High Yield
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1
Question
What are the major components of the endocrine system?
Answer
Glands, hormones, target cells/receptors
2
Question
What is the primary function of hormones?
Answer
Regulate and integrate metabolic activities; work with the nervous system
3
Question
What is the role of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones?
Answer
Control the release of pituitary hormones
4
Question
Why is the pituitary gland often called the master gland?
Answer
Influences secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands
5
Question
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
Answer
GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, MSH
6
Question
What effect does growth hormone (GH) have on the body?
Answer
Stimulates growth of bone and muscle; promotes protein synthesis; affects fat metabolism; decreases carbohydrate metabolism
7
Question
What is the function of ACTH?
Answer
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
8
Question
What is the role of TSH?
Answer
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
9
Question
What are the female functions of FSH in the ovary?
Answer
Growth of ovarian follicle and ovulation
10
Question
What are the male functions of FSH (FSH/Sertoli cell-stimulating hormone)?
Answer
Sperm production
11
Question
What is the role of LH in females?
Answer
Stimulates corpus luteum development, oocyte release, estrogen and progesterone production
12
Question
What is the role of LH in males?
Answer
Stimulates testosterone secretion and development of interstitial tissue of testes
13
Question
What is prolactin responsible for?
Answer
Prepares breasts for lactation
14
Question
Where is vasopressin/ADH produced and its function?
Answer
Posterior pituitary; increases kidney water reabsorption
15
Question
What hormone stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection?
Answer
Oxytocin
16
Question
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Answer
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), adrenal androgens
17
Question
What is the primary action of aldosterone?
Answer
Increase sodium absorption and potassium loss in kidney
18
Question
What is the primary action of cortisol?
Answer
Regulates metabolism, blood glucose, growth, anti-inflammatory, stress response
19
Question
What is the adrenal medulla responsible for?
Answer
Releases catecholamines in response to autonomic signals
20
Question
What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla?
Answer
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
21
Question
What is the effect of epinephrine on metabolism?
Answer
Converts liver glycogen to glucose; increases cardiac output
22
Question
What is the thyroid gland’s basic shape and location?
Answer
Butterfly-shaped organ in the lower neck anterior to the trachea
23
Question
What are the main thyroid hormones and their roles?
Answer
T3 and T4; increase metabolic rate and regulate cellular metabolism; T3 mainly from peripheral conversion of T4
24
Question
What is calcitonin’s function?
Answer
Lower blood calcium and phosphate; inhibits bone resorption
25
Question
Where are the parathyroid glands located and what is their function?
Answer
Posterior to thyroid; regulate serum calcium via PTH
26
Question
What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce and what does it do?
Answer
Parathyroid hormone (PTH); raises blood calcium by resorption from kidney, intestines, and bones
27
Question
What is the endocrine role of pancreatic islet cells?
Answer
Regulate blood glucose via glucagon, insulin, somatostatin
28
Question
What does glucagon do?
Answer
Increases blood glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
29
Question
What is insulin’s primary action?
Answer
Lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into muscles, liver, and adipose tissue
30
Question
What does somatostatin do in the pancreas?
Answer
Delays intestinal absorption of glucose