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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Appendicitis Review
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Appendicitis Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Appendicitis Review
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1
Question
List typical clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease.
Answer
Fever, leukocytosis, crampy postprandial pain, diarrhea with mucus/pus, abdominal distention, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, weight loss, anemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance.
2
Question
What characterizes ulcerative colitis in terms of tissue involvement?
Answer
Recurrent inflammation of the mucosal/submucosal layers of colon and rectum.
3
Question
Identify risk factors and triggers for ulcerative colitis flare-ups.
Answer
NSAIDs can exacerbate IBD; higher prevalence in Caucasians and Jewish populations.
4
Question
Which class of drugs is used to reduce bowel spasms as part of diverticular disease management?
Answer
Antibiotics, analgesics, and anticholinergics
5
Question
Which opioid is given for pain relief in this management plan?
Answer
Meperidine (Demerol)
6
Question
Why is morphine contraindicated in this context?
Answer
It can increase intraluminal colon pressure and worsen symptoms
7
Question
What activity should the patient refrain from to avoid increased intra-abdominal pressure?
Answer
Lifting, straining, coughing, or bending
8
Question
What is the dietary approach for diverticulosis?
Answer
Soft, high-fiber foods
9
Question
What diet may be necessary during diverticulitis until infection improves?
Answer
Low-fiber diet
10
Question
What complications should be monitored in diverticular disease?
Answer
Perforation, hemorrhage, fistulas, and abscesses
11
Question
What surgical option may be required for increased bowel inflammation?
Answer
Temporary or permanent colostomy
12
Question
What is Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) characterized by in terms of tissue involvement?
Answer
Transmural inflammation through all layers of the GI tract
13
Question
Which parts of the GI tract are most commonly affected by Crohn's disease?
Answer
Ileum and colon
14
Question
Name a classic gross appearance associated with Crohn's disease.
Answer
Cobblestone appearance
15
Question
List three clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease.
Answer
Fever, cramp-like pain after meals, diarrhea
16
Question
What are common complications of Crohn's disease?
Answer
Narrowed lumen, fistulas, ulcers, abscesses
17
Question
What distinguishes ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease by location of pathology?
Answer
Ulcerative colitis affects mucosal and submucosal layers of colon/rectum
18
Question
Which population groups have higher prevalence of ulcerative colitis?
Answer
Caucasians and Jewish people
19
Question
Which drug class is used to manage mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease and to prevent recurrences?
Answer
Salicylate compounds
20
Question
Which therapy treats severe or fulminant IBD and can be given orally or parenterally?
Answer
Corticosteroids
21
Question
What role do immunosuppressants play in IBD treatment?
Answer
Alter the immune response
22
Question
What is the purpose of anti-diarrheal drugs in IBD management?
Answer
Minimize peristalsis to rest the bowel
23
Question
What nursing action is indicated during acute IBD episodes?
Answer
Maintain NPO status and administer fluids/electrolytes
24
Question
Suggest a diet plan for IBD patients during non-acute periods.
Answer
Low residue, high protein, high calorie, supplemental vitamins; iron if needed
25
Question
What are two parenteral support options for IBD patients?
Answer
Intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition
26
Question
What surgical procedure creates an opening into the ileum for waste elimination?
Answer
Ileostomy
27
Question
What is a continent ileostomy (Kock ileostomy)?
Answer
Creation of a continent ileal reservoir with a stoma
28
Question
What is the restorative proctocolectomy aiming to preserve, when possible?
Answer
Rectum and anal sphincter control
29
Question
What is ileoanal anastomosis?
Answer
Connecting the ileum to the anal pouch after removing colon/rectum
30
Question
Define appendicitis.
Answer
Inflammation of the appendix