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Upper Respiratory System and Pharyngeal Disorders
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Upper Respiratory System and Pharyngeal Disorders
Upper Respiratory System and Pharyngeal Disorders
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1
Question
What is the primary function of the upper respiratory system?
Answer
Filters, moistens, and warms air during inspiration
2
Question
What structure serves as the passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs?
Answer
Nose
3
Question
What is the pharynx and what does it connect?
Answer
Throat; connects nasal and oral cavities to the larynx
4
Question
What is the major function of the larynx?
Answer
Vocalization (voice production)
5
Question
What is the windpipe and what does it do?
Answer
Trachea; passage between the larynx and the bronchi
6
Question
What is the lower respiratory system primarily responsible for?
Answer
Gas exchange to regulate PaO2, PaCO2, and pH
7
Question
What is the basic gas-exchange unit of the respiratory system?
Answer
Alveoli
8
Question
What regulates inspiration via stretch receptors in the alveoli?
Answer
Alveolar stretch receptors inhibit inspiratory neurons to prevent overdistention
9
Question
What happens to stretch receptors during expiration?
Answer
They stop signaling inspiratory neurons; inspiration restarts
10
Question
Through what process do oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
Answer
Diffusion
11
Question
Where is the respiratory control center that responds to CO2 levels located?
Answer
Medulla oblongata (medulla)
12
Question
What do carotid and aortic chemoreceptors respond to, and what do they influence?
Answer
Hypoxemia; stimulate the medulla
13
Question
How is seasonal rhinitis classified?
Answer
Seasonal rhinitis occurs during pollen seasons; perennial rhinitis occurs year-round
14
Question
What are common clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis?
Answer
Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, pruritus of nose/mouth/eyes/ears
15
Question
Name two management options for allergic rhinitis.
Answer
Antihistamines; corticosteroid nasal sprays
16
Question
What nursing interventions are appropriate for allergic rhinitis?
Answer
Instruct avoidance of allergens; proper nasal medication administration
17
Question
What action is recommended before applying nasal medication for maximal relief?
Answer
Blow the nose
18
Question
What is acute pharyngitis commonly referred to as?
Answer
Sore throat
19
Question
Which clinical sign indicates acute pharyngitis involving the pharyngeal membrane and tonsils?
Answer
Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
20
Question
Name two pharmacologic therapies for acute pharyngitis.
Answer
Penicillin and cephalosporins
21
Question
What nonprescription agent may relieve sore throat symptoms in acute pharyngitis?
Answer
Benzocaine gargles
22
Question
List two nursing interventions for the acute stage of pharyngitis.
Answer
Liquid/soft diet and increased oral fluid intake
23
Question
What is a common supportive measure for severe sore throat in pharyngitis?
Answer
Ice collar
24
Question
What does chronic pharyngitis commonly relate to in adults?
Answer
Dusty work environments, voice overuse, chronic cough, alcohol/tobacco use
25
Question
What characterizes hypertrophic chronic pharyngitis?
Answer
General thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane
26
Question
What characterizes atrophic chronic pharyngitis?
Answer
Thin, whitish, glistening membrane, sometimes wrinkled
27
Question
What alternative name is given to chronic granular pharyngitis?
Answer
Clergyman's sore throat
28
Question
What is the initial management for chronic granular pharyngitis?
Answer
Nasal sprays or meds with ephedrine or phenylephrine
29
Question
What is a key post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy nursing consideration?
Answer
Position prone with head turned to the side for drainage
30
Question
What antibiotic is the first-line therapy for tonsillitis/adenoiditis?
Answer
Penicillin