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Infection Control and Scabies Review
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1
Question
What is a carrier in infectious disease terminology?
Answer
An individual who harbors a pathogen and can transmit it without symptoms.
2
Question
Define communicable disease.
Answer
Illness caused by an infectious agent transmitted to a well person directly or indirectly.
3
Question
What is a contact in infectious disease terms?
Answer
Any person or animal in close association with an infected individual or contaminated materials.
4
Question
What characterizes a contagious disease?
Answer
A disease easily transmitted from person to person by direct or indirect means.
5
Question
How is disinfection defined?
Answer
Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects by physical or chemical means.
6
Question
What is terminal disinfection?
Answer
Disinfection performed after the patient is no longer the infection source, preparing the room for the next patient.
7
Question
What is habitat in microbiology terms?
Answer
A place where an organism lives or is normally found.
8
Question
What is a host in infectious disease context?
Answer
A person, animal, or plant on which a parasite depends for survival.
9
Question
How is infectious disease transmission unique according to the definition given?
Answer
Requires direct inoculation of the organism through break in skin or mucous membrane.
10
Question
What is isolation in infection control?
Answer
Separation of an infected individual during the period of communicability.
11
Question
What is quarantine in this nursing context?
Answer
Limitation of movement for those exposed to a disease for the incubation period.
12
Question
What is a reservoir in epidemiology?
Answer
A host species (animal/plant) where an infectious agent lives, multiplies, and can be transmitted.
13
Question
What is epidemiology at its core?
Answer
Study of disease occurrences, distribution, determinants, and health-event patterns in populations.
14
Question
What fundamental role does epidemiology serve in public health?
Answer
Foundation for preventing disease and guiding health interventions.
15
Question
What is quarantine in epidemiology?
Answer
Restriction of freedom of movement for those exposed to a disease for the longest incubation period.
16
Question
Define reservoir in infectious disease concepts.
Answer
Environment or organisms in which an infectious agent lives and multiplies.
17
Question
What constitutes the host in the Epidemiologic Triangle?
Answer
Any organism that harbors and nourishes another organism.
18
Question
What role does the environment play in disease development?
Answer
External conditions influencing the organism’s development, including biological, social, and physical factors.
19
Question
What is a sporadic pattern of disease occurrence?
Answer
Intermittent, isolated, and unrelated cases in a locality.
20
Question
Define epidemic in epidemiology.
Answer
An unusually large number of cases in a short period of time.
21
Question
Define pandemic in epidemiology.
Answer
An epidemic occurring simultaneously in multiple countries.
22
Question
What is the most common mode of transmission?
Answer
Contact transmission.
23
Question
What is the portal of exit for pathogens?
Answer
Path by which the organism leaves the reservoir (e.g., respiratory, genitourinary, GI, skin, placenta).
24
Question
What defines endemic disease distribution?
Answer
Continuous occurrence at a constant level in a locality.
25
Question
What is isolation in infection control?
Answer
Separating patients to prevent transmission of infections.
26
Question
What is the primary mode of transmission for scabies?
Answer
Skin-to-skin contact
27
Question
What other transmission route can spread scabies besides direct contact?
Answer
Direct contact with fomites
28
Question
When do ova get laid after original contact in scabies?
Answer
Within 24 hours
29
Question
What is the communicability period for scabies?
Answer
As long as the host is infected
30
Question
What is the main symptom of scabies?
Answer
Intense itching, worse at night