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Basic Pharmacology and Medication Safety
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Basic Pharmacology and Medication Safety
Basic Pharmacology and Medication Safety
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1
Question
What is pharmacology?
Answer
The study of drugs, their origin, properties, and effects on living organisms.
2
Question
What is pharmacotherapy?
Answer
Use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease.
3
Question
What are the stages of the ADME process?
Answer
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
4
Question
What occurs during absorption?
Answer
Drug enters bloodstream from administration site.
5
Question
Which factors influence drug absorption?
Answer
Dosage form, route, blood flow, GI function, food/other drugs.
6
Question
What happens in distribution?
Answer
Transport of drug molecules within the body.
7
Question
What is another term for metabolism?
Answer
Biotransformation.
8
Question
What is the primary outcome of metabolism?
Answer
Inactivation or modification of drugs.
9
Question
What does excretion refer to?
Answer
Elimination of a drug from the body.
10
Question
What is enterohepatic recirculation?
Answer
Recycling of drugs between the liver and gut.
11
Question
What is a therapeutic index?
Answer
Relationship between effective and toxic drug levels.
12
Question
How are side effects defined?
Answer
Physiologic effects not related to desired effects.
13
Question
How are adverse reactions different from side effects?
Answer
Adverse reactions are more severe and reportable.
14
Question
What are toxic effects?
Answer
Life-threatening effects from excessive drug amounts.
15
Question
What are the ten rights of medication administration?
Answer
Right route, Right time/frequency, Right patient, Right drug, Right dose, Right documentation, Right education, Right history/assessment, Right drug-drug interaction, Right to refuse.
16
Question
What should you observe about a patient before giving medication?
Answer
Allergies, medical history, current condition.
17
Question
What should be evaluated after medication administration?
Answer
Patient response and any adverse outcomes.
18
Question
What are common allergic responses?
Answer
Difficulty breathing, rashes/pruritus, nausea/vomiting, wheezing, palpitations.
19
Question
What are the phases of drug testing in humans?
Answer
Phase I: safety/toxicity; Phase II: effectiveness; Phase III: compare to standard; Phase IV: post-marketing surveillance.
20
Question
What is the main nursing consideration regarding antacids and medications?
Answer
Antacids can affect drug absorption and should be coordinated.
21
Question
Should enteric-coated tablets be opened?
Answer
No.
22
Question
Should capsules be opened?
Answer
No.
23
Question
What is advised about changing medication doses without orders?
Answer
Do not adjust without physician's order.
24
Question
What should be avoided with OTC or herbal remedies?
Answer
Avoid unless approved.
25
Question
What lifestyle factors should be avoided while taking certain drugs?
Answer
Smoking and alcohol if advised.
26
Question
What is hepatotoxicity?
Answer
Liver-damaging drug effects.
27
Question
What is ototoxicity?
Answer
Ear/nerve-damage drug effects.
28
Question
Name a hepatotoxic drug listed.
Answer
Acetaminophen.
29
Question
Name an ototoxic drug listed.
Answer
Aminoglycosides.
30
Question
What is important about reading medication orders?
Answer
Do not administer if the order is unreadable or dose is out of range.