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Rome Carthage and Mediterranean Power
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Rome Carthage and Mediterranean Power
Rome Carthage and Mediterranean Power
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1
Question
What caused Rome and Carthage to clash in the Punic Wars?
Answer
Rome sought Mediterranean dominance; Carthage controlled western Mediterranean
2
Question
Where did Carthage exert dominance in the western Mediterranean?
Answer
North Africa, Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily
3
Question
When did the conflict between Rome and Carthage begin, and how long did it last?
Answer
264 BC to 241 BC; 23 years
4
Question
What were Punic Wars, and why are they called Punic?
Answer
Wars between Rome and Carthage; Punic from Punic people of Carthage
5
Question
Where was Carthage founded according to tradition, and by whom?
Answer
814 BC, by Phoenician colonists from Tyre
6
Question
What was unique about Carthage’s navy and its reach?
Answer
It could venture beyond the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic in search of resources
7
Question
How did Rome and Carthage initially manage their rivalry before the Punic Wars?
Answer
Treaties and commercial/navigational agreements defining zones of influence
8
Question
What action by the Mamertines triggered Roman intervention in the first Punic War?
Answer
Mamertines seized Messina and imposed tolls on passing ships
9
Question
Who commanded the Roman fleet at the Battle of Mylae and what clever device helped win?
Answer
Gaius Duilius; the corvi (hooks on movable bridges)
10
Question
What happened when Rome attempted to invade Africa in 256 BC?
Answer
Roman assault at near Carthage failed; defeated by Carthaginian forces
11
Question
What battle finally ended the first Punic War and what were its terms?
Answer
Battle of the Aegates; Carthage ceded Sicily and paid indemnity
12
Question
Which family led Carthage during the Second Punic War and who succeeded Amilcare?
Answer
The Barca family; his son Hannibal succeeded Amilcar
13
Question
What was Hannibal’s strategic plan for defeating Rome?
Answer
Move the war to Italy, ally with Gallic/Italic tribes, and threaten Rome itself
14
Question
What key Alpine crossing did Hannibal undertake in 218 BC?
Answer
Crossing the Alps into the Po Valley (northern Italy)
15
Question
What was the outcome of the battles at Ticino and Trebbia?
Answer
Roman defeats; Hannibal gained early advantages
16
Question
Which battle marked a disastrously decisive defeat for Rome during Canne (216 BC)?
Answer
Battle of Cannae; Rome suffered a severe defeat
17
Question
What defense strategy did Quintus Fabius Maximus adopt, earning him a nickname?
Answer
Attrition/guerrilla warfare; nickname Temporeggiatore (The Delayer)
18
Question
What city did Hannibal fail to capture after Canne, instead choosing to move toward Taranto?
Answer
Rome; and then Taranto as a potential base
19
Question
What was Scipio’s achievement at the Battle of Zama (202 BC)?
Answer
Defeated Hannibal; earned the epithet Africanus; Carthage forced to renounce Spain and surrender war fleet
20
Question
What were the terms of peace imposed on Carthage after Zama?
Answer
Carthage could not declare war without Rome’s consent; lost Spain and ships two, severe terms
21
Question
How did Rome’s view of power shift after Hannibal’s defeat?
Answer
Shift to eastern policy; domination of the eastern Mediterranean begun
22
Question
What happened to Macedonia after the Macedonian Wars?
Answer
Macedonia reduced to four client/polity states; Rome protectorate over Greece established
23
Question
Who incited Greek revolts against Rome, prompting further conflict in the East?
Answer
Antiocus III, king of Syria
24
Question
When did the third Macedonian War conclude and what were its results?
Answer
168 BC at Pydna; Macedonia dissolved into four parts under Roman influence
25
Question
What happened to Corinto (Corinth) in 146 BC?
Answer
Corinth razed; Greece lost independence and freedom
26
Question
What caused Rome and Carthage to clash in the Punic Wars?
Answer
Rome pursued Mediterranean dominance while Carthage controlled western Mediterranean trade
27
Question
Where did Carthage exert dominance in the western Mediterranean?
Answer
North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily
28
Question
What other major theatre did Rome fight in during this period?
Answer
Gallia/Northern Italy; Mediolanum (Milan) captured
29
Question
Who incited Greek revolts against Rome, prompting further conflict in the East?
Answer
Antiochus III, king of Syria
30
Question
What happened to the Syrians after Rome responded to Antiochus III’s actions?
Answer
Defeated; Syria ceded territory to Pergamon; Hannibal fled to the motherland