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Cell Membrane Transport and Biomolecules
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1
Question
What is osmosis?
Answer
Diffusion of water across a membrane
2
Question
What is diffusion?
Answer
Movement from high to low concentration due to random motion
3
Question
What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?
Answer
Uses a membrane transport protein to move substances
4
Question
What is active transport?
Answer
Movement of substances against a concentration gradient requiring energy
5
Question
What is bulk transport?
Answer
Movement of large groups of materials enclosed in vesicles
6
Question
What is the role of a transport protein in active transport?
Answer
Mediates substance movement while energy is used
7
Question
What are the two main types of bulk transport?
Answer
Endocytosis and exocytosis
8
Question
What is endocytosis?
Answer
Process of taking materials into the cell via vesicles
9
Question
What is exocytosis?
Answer
Process of releasing materials from the cell via vesicles
10
Question
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Answer
Separates cell from environment; semipermeable barrier
11
Question
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
Answer
Energy requirement and direction relative to gradient
12
Question
What happens during osmosis in terms of water movement?
Answer
Water moves toward higher solute concentration across a membrane
13
Question
How are molecules moved in simple diffusion?
Answer
Directly across the membrane along a concentration gradient
14
Question
What type of transport does bulk transport involve?
Answer
Movement of substances in vesicles across the membrane
15
Question
What does active transport require?
Answer
Transport proteins and cellular energy
16
Question
What is necessary for active transport to occur?
Answer
Cellular energy (ATP) and a transport protein
17
Question
What are the two main types of bulk transport?
Answer
Endocytosis and exocytosis
18
Question
What is phagocytosis?
Answer
Endocytosis of large particles or whole cells; a method of feeding or defense
19
Question
What is pinocytosis?
Answer
Endocytosis of solutes or liquids; cell drinking
20
Question
What is exocytosis?
Answer
Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside the cell
21
Question
What role do vesicles play in endocytosis and exocytosis?
Answer
Vesicles transport materials during endocytosis and exocytosis, and can fuse with lysosomes for digestion
22
Question
What is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
Answer
A cell membrane pump that moves Na+ and K+ ions against their concentration gradients using ATP
23
Question
What molecule typically provides energy for active transport?
Answer
ATP
24
Question
What is a lysosome’s role in endocytosis?
Answer
Digest contents delivered to the lysosome by endocytotic vesicles
25
Question
What structure is described as binding to receptors and moving to clathrin-coated pits?
Answer
Receptor-bound vesicles targeted to clathrin-coated pits during endocytosis
26
Question
What is the general purpose of cell membrane pumps?
Answer
Move materials against concentration gradient and generate electrical impulses in nerves
27
Question
Why is exocytosis used in the nervous and endocrine systems?
Answer
To release signaling molecules and regulate activities in other cells
28
Question
What is osmosis?
Answer
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
29
Question
What is diffusion?
Answer
Movement of particles from high to low concentration due to random motion
30
Question
What are the main types of bulk transport?
Answer
Endocytosis and exocytosis