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Networking Fundamentals and Security Basics
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1
Question
What is the primary purpose of a firewall?
Answer
Blocks or allows network traffic based on rules to protect a network.
2
Question
What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
Answer
Hub broadcasts to all ports; switch sends to the intended device only.
3
Question
What does a ping test measure?
Answer
Reachability and latency to another device on the network.
4
Question
What is a port in networking?
Answer
A numbered channel on a device used by apps/services.
5
Question
What is an SSID?
Answer
The name of a Wi‑Fi network.
6
Question
What characterizes an IPv4 address?
Answer
A 32-bit numeric address (e.g., 192.168.1.5).
7
Question
What is a protocol in networking?
Answer
A set of rules for how devices communicate.
8
Question
What is a MAC address?
Answer
A hardware identifier for a network interface.
9
Question
What does NAT do?
Answer
Translates private IPs to a public IP for Internet access.
10
Question
What is address translation in networking?
Answer
Another term for NAT that maps private to public addresses.
11
Question
Name common Wi‑Fi security protocols and a brief note on AES usage.
Answer
WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3; AES encryption used.
12
Question
What are the differences between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi‑Fi bands?
Answer
2.4 GHz: longer range; 5 GHz: higher speed but shorter range.
13
Question
What is Cat5e Ethernet capable of under typical conditions?
Answer
Up to 1 Gbps.
14
Question
How do Cat6 cables differ from Cat5e?
Answer
Cat6 supports higher speeds (1–10 Gbps) at greater lengths.
15
Question
What is IoT?
Answer
Everyday objects connected to the Internet.
16
Question
What is a DDoS attack?
Answer
Overwhelming a service with traffic from many sources.
17
Question
What is SQL injection?
Answer
Malicious input tricks a database into unintended commands.
18
Question
What is a remote desktop connection used for?
Answer
Viewing and controlling a computer remotely.
19
Question
What is ARP poisoning?
Answer
Tricking devices to send traffic to the attacker via MAC/IP mappings.
20
Question
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 address spaces?
Answer
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses; IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.
21
Question
What is a VPN?
Answer
A secure, encrypted tunnel for private network communication.
22
Question
What is a RAT in cybersecurity context?
Answer
Software enabling remote control of a computer, legitimate or malicious.
23
Question
What is a remote administration tool note about usage?
Answer
Similar concept to RAT; used for remote management with permission.
24
Question
What is a port scanner used for?
Answer
Checking which ports are open on a device.
25
Question
What is network segmentation and its security benefit?
Answer
Dividing into VLANs/subnets to limit access and contain problems.
26
Question
What is RJ45?
Answer
The standard connector at the end of Ethernet cables.