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Basic Biology and Biochemistry Concepts
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Basic Biology and Biochemistry Concepts
Basic Biology and Biochemistry Concepts
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1
Question
What is produced when two cells come from different parents through sexual reproduction?
Answer
Offspring formed by combining genetic material from two parents
2
Question
What maintains stable internal conditions in organisms?
Answer
Homeostasis
3
Question
What are small molecules that join to form larger ones?
Answer
Monomers
4
Question
What is the term for breaking down of molecules?
Answer
Catabolism
5
Question
What process builds glycogen from glucose?
Answer
Glycogenesis
6
Question
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction?
Answer
Lowers activation energy
7
Question
What is the region where the substrate binds to an enzyme?
Answer
Active site
8
Question
What is the molecular formula of glucose?
Answer
C6H12O6
9
Question
Which cells have ribosomes?
Answer
All cells (e.g., animal cells, prokaryotic cells)
10
Question
What provides structure and protection to the cell?
Answer
Cell wall
11
Question
What is the assembly of ribosomal subunits?
Answer
Nucleolus
12
Question
What are the lipid bilayers composed of?
Answer
Phospholipids
13
Question
What property allows water to dissolve many substances?
Answer
Polarity of water
14
Question
What is the attraction between positive and negative parts of water molecules?
Answer
Hydrogen bonding (cohesion) between parts of molecules
15
Question
What demonstrates capillary action in water movement up a plant stem?
Answer
Capillary action (water movement through tiny tubes)
16
Question
What is the strong acid in the list?
Answer
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
17
Question
What is a buffer?
Answer
A solution that maintains pH by neutralizing added acid or base
18
Question
Which part of an amino acid does not form part of the amino acid structure?
Answer
S group
19
Question
Which groups donate protons in amino acids?
Answer
Carboxyl group and amino group donate/accept protons respectively (carboxyl donates, amino accepts)
20
Question
What is the net-zero charge form of an amino acid in solution?
Answer
Zwitterion
21
Question
What type of bond links amino acids?
Answer
Peptide bond
22
Question
What are fibrous proteins primarily?
Answer
Structural entities
23
Question
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Answer
Linear sequence of amino acids
24
Question
What are enzymes in terms of protein classification?
Answer
Proteins that are specific and act as biological catalysts
25
Question
What are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes called?
Answer
Cofactors (inorganic)
26
Question
What are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes?
Answer
Coenzymes
27
Question
Give an example of a coenzyme?
Answer
NAD
28
Question
What describes enzyme kinetics mathematically?
Answer
Michaelis-Menten equation
29
Question
What is the Michaelis constant?
Answer
Km
30
Question
What effect does competitive inhibition have on Michaelis constant?
Answer
Increases Km (apparent affinity decreases)