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Adult Vitals Infection Control and Pressure Injuries
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Adult Vitals Infection Control and Pressure Injuries
Adult Vitals Infection Control and Pressure Injuries
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1
Question
What is the ATI-reported temperature range for adults (oral)?
Answer
36.0-38.0 °C (96.8-100.4 °F)
2
Question
What is the normal adult resting pulse range?
Answer
60-100 bpm
3
Question
What is the normal adult respiratory rate range?
Answer
12-20/min
4
Question
What is the normal blood pressure range for adults?
Answer
Less than 120/80 mmHg (normal)
5
Question
What SpO₂ level is considered acceptable, depending on context?
Answer
≥95%
6
Question
How should pain be assessed and reassessed according to the guide?
Answer
Pain scale 0-10; reassess after intervention (30-60 min PO, 15-30 min IV)
7
Question
Name a common error that causes a falsely high BP reading with a cuff too small.
Answer
Cuff too small (false HIGH)
8
Question
Name a common error that causes a falsely low BP reading with a cuff too large.
Answer
Cuff too large (false LOW)
9
Question
What reading error results from having the arm below heart level?
Answer
False HIGH reading
10
Question
What is a false LOW reading caused by arm position?
Answer
Arm above heart (false LOW)
11
Question
What is the effect of deflating the cuff too slowly on BP reading?
Answer
False HIGH diastolic reading
12
Question
What is the effect of deflating the cuff too quickly on BP reading?
Answer
False LOW systolic and diastolic readings
13
Question
What can happen if reinflation occurs without full deflation between readings?
Answer
False HIGH reading (serial measurements too fast)
14
Question
What does PPE stand for in isolation precautions?
Answer
Personal Protective Equipment
15
Question
What PPE is used for standard precautions?
Answer
Hand hygiene and gloves as needed
16
Question
Which infection control precautions require a gown and gloves?
Answer
Contact precautions (C. diff, MRSA, VRE, RSV)
17
Question
Which precautions use a surgical mask within 3-6 feet of the patient?
Answer
Droplet precautions
18
Question
What PPE is essential for airborne precautions?
Answer
N95 respirator and negative-pressure room
19
Question
What type of visit precautions are needed for neutropenic patients?
Answer
Mask for visitors; meticulous hygiene; avoid fresh flowers/soil
20
Question
In pressure injury staging, what characterizes Stage 1?
Answer
Intact skin with non-blanchable erythema
21
Question
What defines Stage 2 pressure injury?
Answer
Partial-thickness skin loss; blister or open ulcer
22
Question
What characterizes Stage 3 pressure injury?
Answer
Full-thickness skin loss with visible fat
23
Question
What distinguishes Stage 4 pressure injury?
Answer
Full-thickness loss with exposed fascia/muscle/bone
24
Question
What is Unstageable pressure injury?
Answer
Base covered by slough or eschar
25
Question
What is the formula for Blood Pressure in terms of cardiac function and resistance?
Answer
BP = CO × SVR
26
Question
What is the apical pulse assessment procedure for irregular rhythms?
Answer
Assess apical pulse for 60 seconds (5th ICS, MCL)
27
Question
What is bradycardia and its threshold?
Answer
HR < 60 bpm
28
Question
What is tachycardia and its threshold?
Answer
HR > 100 bpm
29
Question
What is the recommended action if orthostatic hypotension is suspected?
Answer
Dangle legs, slow position changes, recheck standing BP/HR
30
Question
What does the chain of infection describe in sequence?
Answer
Agent → Reservoir → Exit → Transmission → Entry → Susceptible host