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Mitosis Meiosis and Inheritance Basics
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Mitosis Meiosis and Inheritance Basics
Mitosis Meiosis and Inheritance Basics
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1
Question
What is DNA?
Answer
A molecule that carries genetic instructions for making proteins.
2
Question
What is meant by the phrase “genetic variation in gametes”?
Answer
Gametes carry different allele combinations.
3
Question
What happens to chromosomes as a cell prepares to divide?
Answer
Each chromosome is replicated and consists of two sister chromatids.
4
Question
What does the centromere do?
Answer
Holds two sister chromatids together.
5
Question
What is the main result of cytokinesis?
Answer
Cytoplasm divides, producing two separate cells.
6
Question
What does the phrase “gene sequence is the one that makes you different” imply?
Answer
Different sequences create individual variation.
7
Question
What creates the diversity seen in offspring from the same parents?
Answer
Meiosis and genetic recombination.
8
Question
What is meant by the term ‘chromosome number’?
Answer
The total count of chromosomes in a cell.
9
Question
What is the key concept of chromosomal inheritance?
Answer
Genes on chromosomes are inherited from parents.
10
Question
What are the two copies in a diploid organism called?
Answer
Homologous chromosome pairs.
11
Question
What is the role of chromosomes during mitosis?
Answer
Ensure equal distribution of genetic material.
12
Question
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
Answer
DNA replication occurs.
13
Question
Why must chromosomes be copied before cell division?
Answer
To provide each new cell with a full set.
14
Question
What is the difference in chromosome number between a gamete and a body cell?
Answer
Gamete has half the number (haploid) vs body cell (diploid).
15
Question
What is meiosis and what is produced?
Answer
Meiosis is a division that yields haploid gametes (23 chromosomes in humans) from a diploid cell.
16
Question
How many chromosomes does a human diploid cell have before meiosis?
Answer
46 chromosomes.
17
Question
How many chromosomes does a human gamete have after meiosis?
Answer
23 chromosomes.
18
Question
From which parental sources do homologous chromosome pairs originate?
Answer
One chromosome from the mother and one from the father.
19
Question
What is a key consequence of meiosis for offspring?
Answer
Genetic variation in gametes and offspring.
20
Question
What is meant by homologous chromosomes carrying genes for the same characteristic in the same position?
Answer
They contain the same gene loci at corresponding positions.
21
Question
What is the practical result of genetic variation in gametes for fertilization?
Answer
A variety of possible offspring genotypes.
22
Question
How many complete sets of chromosomes does a human cell contain?
Answer
Two complete sets of 23 chromosomes each.
23
Question
What are alleles?
Answer
Different forms of a gene.
24
Question
What symbol could represent an allele for grey fur in chinchillas?
Answer
G.
25
Question
What symbol could represent an allele for charcoal fur in chinchillas?
Answer
g.
26
Question
What does homozygous mean in terms of alleles?
Answer
Two identical alleles (GG or gg).
27
Question
What does heterozygous mean in terms of alleles?
Answer
Two different alleles (Gg).
28
Question
In chinchillas, what does the gene described influence?
Answer
Fur colour.
29
Question
If an individual has two identical alleles for fur colour, how is their genotype described?
Answer
Homozygous.
30
Question
If an individual has two different alleles for fur colour, how is their genotype described?
Answer
Heterozygous.