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Human and Plant Reproduction Review
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Human and Plant Reproduction Review
Human and Plant Reproduction Review
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1
Question
What does hermaphroditic mean in plants?
Answer
Plants with both male and female organs
2
Question
What two parts make up a stamen?
Answer
Anther and filament
3
Question
What are the female parts of a plant collectively known as?
Answer
Carpel
4
Question
What two structures are contained in the carpel?
Answer
Stigma and style (plus ovary)
5
Question
What is fertilisation in humans?
Answer
Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei inside female reproductive tract
6
Question
Where does fertilisation most commonly occur in humans?
Answer
In the fallopian tube (oviduct)
7
Question
What is the structure that releases digestive enzymes to help sperm enter the egg?
Answer
Acrosome
8
Question
What happens to the ovum after fertilisation prevents further sperm entry?
Answer
Outer layer hardens to block other sperm
9
Question
What is a zygote?
Answer
Fertilized egg formed when sperm and egg nuclei fuse
10
Question
Approximately how many chromosomes does a human zygote have?
Answer
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
11
Question
What is the term for the developing organism from the fifth to the eighth week after fertilisation?
Answer
Embryo
12
Question
What is the term for the developing offspring after the eighth week of gestation?
Answer
Fetus
13
Question
What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?
Answer
Stores and matures sperm
14
Question
Which part of the female system is involved in housing the fetus during pregnancy?
Answer
Uterus
15
Question
What is the role of the cervix during reproduction?
Answer
Allows sperm entry and later forms part of the birth canal
16
Question
Which components form the human egg cell’s outer protective coating?
Answer
Gel-like jelly coat (zona pellucida)
17
Question
How do sperm cells compare in size to egg cells?
Answer
Sperm much smaller than ova
18
Question
What is the approximate length of a typical human sperm from head to tail?
Answer
About 0.05 mm
19
Question
What is a key difference in mobility between sperm and egg cells?
Answer
Sperm are motile; eggs are largely immobile
20
Question
How many sperm are typically released in a single male ejaculation?
Answer
Between 40 million and 1.2 billion
21
Question
What structural feature enables the sperm to swim?
Answer
Flagellum (tail)
22
Question
What is the primary energy source for a sperm’s tail?
Answer
Mitochondria in the midsection (body)
23
Question
What prevents more than one sperm from fertilising the egg after entry?
Answer
Hardening of the egg's outer layer; zona block or fertilisation membrane
24
Question
What happens to the nuclei of the egg and sperm after fertilisation?
Answer
They fuse to form the zygote nucleus
25
Question
What is the term for the point at which the fertilised egg implants into the uterine wall?
Answer
Implantation
26
Question
What hormone primarily maintains the early pregnancy?
Answer
Hormonal support; progesterone from the corpus luteum/placenta (context dependent)
27
Question
What does HIV stand for?
Answer
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
28
Question
Through which fluids is HIV commonly transmitted?
Answer
Semen, vaginal secretions, blood
29
Question
What disease does HIV cause when the immune system is severely damaged?
Answer
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
30
Question
Name two high-risk activities for HIV transmission.
Answer
Unprotected sex; sharing needles for drugs