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Research Methods and Statistics Basics
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Research Methods and Statistics Basics
Research Methods and Statistics Basics
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1
Question
What is a bimodal distribution?
Answer
A distribution with two modes (peaks)
2
Question
What is a mode in a data set?
Answer
The most frequent value
3
Question
What is a case study?
Answer
In-depth analysis of a single case or small group
4
Question
What is confidentiality in research?
Answer
Keeping participant data secret from others
5
Question
What is confirmation bias?
Answer
Favoring evidence that supports preconceptions
6
Question
What is a confounding variable?
Answer
Variable that affects both IV and DV, causing spurious association
7
Question
What is a control group?
Answer
Group not exposed to the experimental manipulation
8
Question
What is a convenience sample?
Answer
Sample drawn from readily available participants
9
Question
What is a correlation?
Answer
A statistical association between two variables
10
Question
What is a correlation coefficient?
Answer
Numerical measure of strength/direction of a correlation
11
Question
What are cultural norms?
Answer
Shared expectations about behavior within a group
12
Question
What is debrief?
Answer
Post-study explanation of study purpose and procedures
13
Question
What is deception in research?
Answer
Misleading participants about the true nature of the study
14
Question
What are dependent variables?
Answer
Variables measured to assess the effect of manipulation
15
Question
What are descriptive statistics?
Answer
Methods that summarize data (mean, median, mode, etc.)
16
Question
What is a double-blind procedure?
Answer
Neither participants nor experimenters know condition assignments
17
Question
What is effect size?
Answer
Measure of the magnitude of a treatment effect
18
Question
What is an experiment?
Answer
A study manipulating an IV to observe DV effects
19
Question
What is an experimental group?
Answer
Participants exposed to the experimental manipulation
20
Question
What is experimental methodology?
Answer
Systematic plan for conducting experiments to test hypotheses
21
Question
What is experimenter bias?
Answer
Researchers’ expectations influence outcomes or observations
22
Question
What does falsifiable mean?
Answer
A claim can be empirically tested and potentially disproven
23
Question
What is generalizability?
Answer
The extent to which findings apply beyond the sample
24
Question
What is hindsight bias?
Answer
Believing events were predictable after they occurred
25
Question
What is a histogram?
Answer
Bar graph showing frequency distribution of a variable
26
Question
What is a hypothesis?
Answer
A testable educated guess about the relationship between variables
27
Question
What is illusory correlation?
Answer
Belief in a relationship that does not exist or is weak
28
Question
What is an independent variable?
Answer
Variable that is deliberately manipulated in an experiment
29
Question
What is inferential data/statistics?
Answer
Statistics used to make inferences about a population
30
Question
What is informed consent?
Answer
Participant agreement to take part after being informed of risks