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Fundamentals of Biology BIOL 240
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Fundamentals of Biology BIOL 240
Fundamentals of Biology BIOL 240
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1
Question
What is the Unity of Life claim in BIOL 240 notes?
Answer
All beings share DNA with ancient organisms.
2
Question
What is Evolution according to the notes?
Answer
Gradual change over time in all organisms.
3
Question
Define Reductionism as per the notes.
Answer
Reducing complex systems to simple parts.
4
Question
What are Emergent Properties?
Answer
Complex properties from parts' interactions.
5
Question
What does Structure and Function refer to in biology?
Answer
Form relates to the function across organisms.
6
Question
What distinguishes Prokaryotic cells?
Answer
No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
7
Question
What characterizes Eukaryotic cells?
Answer
Membrane-bound organelles; nucleus is largest.
8
Question
What does DNA stand for?
Answer
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
9
Question
What is a Chromosome?
Answer
One long DNA molecule with hundreds of genes.
10
Question
What is a Genome?
Answer
Entire set of genetic instructions.
11
Question
What is Genomics?
Answer
Study of whole sets of genes.
12
Question
What is Proteomics?
Answer
Study of the entire set of proteins.
13
Question
What is Bioinformatics?
Answer
Using computational tools to process large data.
14
Question
What organisms are in Eukarya?
Answer
All eukaryotic organisms.
15
Question
List the seven life properties mentioned.
Answer
Order, Evolutionary Adaptation, Energy Processing, Growth and Development, Response to Environment, Regulation, Reproduction.
16
Question
What are the unifying themes of biology in these notes?
Answer
Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, Evolution.
17
Question
What is Inductive Reasoning?
Answer
Deriving generalizations from many observations.
18
Question
What is Deductive Reasoning?
Answer
Predictions from general premises.
19
Question
Define Hypothesis.
Answer
Explanatory guess based on observations.
20
Question
Define Theory in this context.
Answer
Well-supported, testable, broad explanation.
21
Question
What is an Element?
Answer
substance that cannot be broken down chemically.
22
Question
What is a Compound?
Answer
Substance of two+ elements in fixed ratio.
23
Question
What is Dalton known for here?
Answer
Defining mass of neutrons and protons.
24
Question
What are Radioactive Isotopes?
Answer
Decay spontaneously, emit particles/energy.
25
Question
What is Radiometric Dating?
Answer
Dating via isotope ratios and half-lives.
26
Question
What are Electron Shells?
Answer
Electrons at different distances/energies from nucleus.
27
Question
What are Valence Shells?
Answer
Outermost electron shells.
28
Question
What is a Covalent Bond?
Answer
Sharing valence electrons.
29
Question
What is Electronegativity?
Answer
Attraction of an atom for bonding electrons.
30
Question
What is a Non-Polar Covalent Bond?
Answer
Electrons shared equally.