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Cell Structure and Transport Review
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Cell Structure and Transport Review
Cell Structure and Transport Review
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1
Question
What are the three main postulates of the Cell Theory?
Answer
All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from pre-existing cells.
2
Question
Who contributed foundational work to the discovery of cells in the 17th century?
Answer
Robert Hooke and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
3
Question
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Answer
Regulates entry and exit of substances.
4
Question
Which organelle is the control center of the cell and houses DNA?
Answer
Nucleus.
5
Question
What is the site of cellular respiration and ATP production?
Answer
Mitochondria.
6
Question
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Answer
Protein synthesis.
7
Question
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Answer
Protein transport and synthesis.
8
Question
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Answer
Lipid synthesis.
9
Question
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer
Packaging and secretion of proteins.
10
Question
Which organelle contains enzymes for digestion?
Answer
Lysosomes.
11
Question
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Answer
Chloroplasts.
12
Question
What is the function of the cell wall?
Answer
Protection and support in plants, fungi, bacteria.
13
Question
Define prokaryotic cells.
Answer
No nucleus; simple; smaller (e.g., bacteria).
14
Question
Define eukaryotic cells.
Answer
Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; more complex.
15
Question
Name a plant cell feature not found in animal cells.
Answer
Chloroplasts.
16
Question
Name a cell feature unique to animals among the listed options.
Answer
Centrioles.
17
Question
What are root hair cells specialized for?
Answer
Absorption.
18
Question
Why are red blood cells biconcave?
Answer
To increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
19
Question
What is the function of sperm cell flagella?
Answer
Movement.
20
Question
What is a neuron specialized for?
Answer
Signal transmission via long axons.
21
Question
What are the phases of mitosis?
Answer
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
22
Question
What occurs during cytokinesis?
Answer
Division of the cytoplasm.
23
Question
What is crossing-over and when does it occur?
Answer
Exchange of genetic material during Prophase I of meiosis.
24
Question
What are the two cellular divisions in meiosis called?
Answer
Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
25
Question
What is Spermatogenesis?
Answer
Formation of sperm cells.
26
Question
What is Oogenesis?
Answer
Formation of egg cells.
27
Question
Define interphase.
Answer
G1, S, G2 phases before mitosis.
28
Question
What happens during the S phase?
Answer
DNA replication.
29
Question
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Answer
Diffusion: any solute; osmosis: water across membrane.
30
Question
What is osmosis?
Answer
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.