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Developmental Research Methods and Bronfenbrenner
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Developmental Research Methods and Bronfenbrenner
Developmental Research Methods and Bronfenbrenner
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1
Question
What is a turning point in Erikson’s stages?
Answer
Identity crisis.
2
Question
What does the article describe as the central process for resolving infancy crises?
Answer
Mutuality with caregiver.
3
Question
What is a major limitation of sequential design?
Answer
Often more costly and time-consuming than cross-sectional.
4
Question
Which design type is best for discovering whether age trends reflect real development rather than cohort effects?
Answer
Sequential design.
5
Question
What is a major limitation of longitudinal design?
Answer
Time-consuming and expensive; attrition risk.
6
Question
What is one challenge of ethnographic research in child development?
Answer
Bias from researcher's cultural lens.
7
Question
What is a cross-sectional design in developmental research?
Answer
Observes people of different ages at one time.
8
Question
What central process corresponds to Later adolescence (18 to 24)?
Answer
Role experimentation.
9
Question
Who proposed Social Role Theory?
Answer
Alice Eagly
10
Question
What is Piaget’s view on development?
Answer
Children actively construct understanding through interaction with their world
11
Question
Which research design integrates multiple cohorts over time?
Answer
Sequential design.
12
Question
What is a key difference between sociobiology and evolutionary psychology?
Answer
Sociobiology emphasizes kin selection; evolutionary psychology emphasizes mind design.
13
Question
What is the outcome of a disrupted Bowlby attachment?
Answer
Protest → despair → detachment; possible psychopathology.
14
Question
What is the main distinction between sociology and psychology in these theories?
Answer
Focus on social behavior vs. cognitive origins.
15
Question
What is an example of a research method that uses brain activity to study development?
Answer
Psychophysiological methods (EEG, cortisol, etc.).
16
Question
What is a major limitation of cross-sectional design?
Answer
Cohort differences may confound development.
17
Question
What central process is associated with Early adolescence (12 to 18)?
Answer
Peer pressure.
18
Question
What is the significance of the ‘central processes’ table in Erikson’s theory?
Answer
It links life stages to mechanisms shaping self-concept.
19
Question
Define ‘mutuality among peers’ in late adolescence/young adulthood.
Answer
Empathic understanding and regulating needs within relationships.
20
Question
What does “cognitive development” imply in this context?
Answer
Gradual acquisition of increasingly complex thinking abilities
21
Question
What role do Ideological perspectives (Fidelity) play in ego strength?
Answer
Support or exploit ego strength; help reassess technology's role and limits.
22
Question
Which theory posits that gender constancy is essential for behavior alignment?
Answer
Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory
23
Question
What is the primary context of Microsystem?
Answer
Immediate surroundings and interactions.
24
Question
Who proposed Parental Investment Theory?
Answer
Robert Trivers.
25
Question
What is the Exosystem in Bronfenbrenner’s theory?
Answer
Contexts outside the child that affect development (socioeconomic context)
26
Question
What is a limitation of Cross-sectional design related to data on individuals?
Answer
Provides no data on individual developmental trajectories.
27
Question
What does social behavior tend to focus on in sociobiology?
Answer
Evolutionary-genetic basis.
28
Question
What is cross-sectional design?
Answer
Study different age groups at one time to compare age differences.
29
Question
What is a key limitation of psychophysiological methods?
Answer
May not indicate exactly what participants see or feel.
30
Question
What does the Mesosystem describe?
Answer
Interrelations among microsystems (home, school, peers).