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Cell Transport and Structure Basics
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Cell Transport and Structure Basics
Cell Transport and Structure Basics
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1
Question
What are the two broad categories of transport across the plasma membrane?
Answer
Passive and Active transport
2
Question
Name the three mechanisms listed under Passive Transport.
Answer
Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion
3
Question
Define diffusion in one sentence.
Answer
Movement of solutes from higher to lower concentration with random motion
4
Question
What is a concentration gradient?
Answer
Concentration difference between two points
5
Question
List four factors affecting diffusion rate.
Answer
Concentration gradient, temperature, size of diffusing molecules, viscosity
6
Question
What is viscosity in the context of diffusion?
Answer
Fluid’s resistance to flow, affecting diffusion rate
7
Question
What is osmosis?
Answer
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
8
Question
What is osmotic pressure?
Answer
Force required to prevent water movement by osmosis
9
Question
Define isotonic solution in osmosis experiments.
Answer
Solute concentration equal on both sides of the membrane
10
Question
Define hypotonic solution.
Answer
Lower solute concentration outside than inside the cell
11
Question
Define hypertonic solution.
Answer
Higher solute concentration outside than inside the cell
12
Question
Identify the three solutions used in the osmosis experiment and classify them.
Answer
10% NaCl (Hypertonic), 0.9% NaCl (Isotonic), Distilled water (Hypotonic)
13
Question
What are the two ways cells are classified by structure?
Answer
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
14
Question
What two classifications are used for how cells obtain food?
Answer
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
15
Question
What is cellulose?
Answer
Polysaccharide forming plant cell walls, glucose-based
16
Question
What are microfibrils?
Answer
Bundles of cellulose chains bonded by hydrogen bonds for strength
17
Question
What is the role of hemicellulose?
Answer
Binds cellulose microfibrils in cell wall matrix
18
Question
What are pectic substances mainly found in?
Answer
Middle lamella, gluing adjacent cells
19
Question
What is lignin and where is it found?
Answer
Complex polymer in secondary cell walls providing decay resistance
20
Question
What enzyme makes cellulose?
Answer
Cellulose synthase
21
Question
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
Answer
Double layer of phospholipids with proteins
22
Question
What are amphipathic molecules?
Answer
Molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
23
Question
What is the cytoplasm?
Answer
Cell interior with organelles in cytosol; site of metabolism
24
Question
What are mitochondria’s main function?
Answer
Cellular respiration producing ATP
25
Question
What are cristae and their function?
Answer
Folded inner membrane sections increasing ATP enzyme space
26
Question
What are dictyosomes (Golgi bodies) for?
Answer
Package and ship proteins; vesicle formation and export
27
Question
What is the ER and its two types?
Answer
Endoplasmic reticulum; rough (ribosomes) and smooth (lipids)
28
Question
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Answer
Protein synthesis
29
Question
What are peroxisomes and glyoxysomes involved in?
Answer
Detoxification; converting fats to sugars in plants
30
Question
What are plastids and their general functions?
Answer
Organelles for storage and photosynthesis; contain DNA and ribosomes