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Plant Tissue Culture Media Components and Effects
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Plant Tissue Culture Media Components and Effects
Plant Tissue Culture Media Components and Effects
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1
Question
What is the purpose of selecting or developing the culture medium in tissue culture?
Answer
To support growth responses; no one medium fits all cells.
2
Question
Why might changes in medium be necessary for a single explant?
Answer
Different growth responses require different medium conditions.
3
Question
What components are generally included in tissue culture medium?
Answer
Inorganic salts, organic compounds (growth regulators, vitamins), carbohydrate, hexitols, gelling agent.
4
Question
What additional components might medium include beyond basics?
Answer
Amino acids, antibiotics, natural complexes.
5
Question
What role do inorganic salts play in the medium according to tobacco cell growth studies?
Answer
Ensure inorganic nutrients are not limiting; isolates effects of organic supplements.
6
Question
What are examples of plant growth regulators used for division and root initiation?
Answer
Auxins: IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, IBA.
7
Question
How can high auxin concentrations affect tissue culture morphogenesis?
Answer
Can suppress morphogenesis.
8
Question
Which auxin is widely used for callus induction?
Answer
2,4-D.
9
Question
Which auxins are used for root induction?
Answer
IAA, IBA, NAA.
10
Question
Name common cytokinins listed in the material.
Answer
Kinetin, BA, zeatin, 2iP.
11
Question
What cellular effects do cytokinins promote?
Answer
Cell division, shoot proliferation, shoot morphogenesis.
12
Question
What is notable about thidiazuron (TDZ) in tissue culture?
Answer
Cytokinin activity; used as cotton defoliant; effective at low concentrations for shoot formation.
13
Question
What effect does gibberellin GA3 have in plant cell culture?
Answer
Inhibits callus growth and some auxin-induced root formation; used in morphogenesis studies.
14
Question
What is ABA associated with in plant tissue culture?
Answer
Embryo culture; dormancy and abscission processes.
15
Question
Which vitamin is emphasized as important for plant cells?
Answer
Thiamine (B1).
16
Question
Which other vitamins are mentioned as potentially enhancing cellular response?
Answer
Nicotinic acid (B3) and pyridoxine (B6).
17
Question
Why are carbohydrates necessary in culture media for green cells?
Answer
Green cells are generally not photosynthetically active; require carbon source.
18
Question
What sugar concentrations are commonly used in cell culture?
Answer
Sucrose or glucose at 2–5% (w/v).
19
Question
Can other carbohydrate sources be used besides sucrose/glucose?
Answer
Yes, fructose and starch.
20
Question
How do carbohydrate levels vary in protoplast versus embryo/anther cultures?
Answer
Lower in protoplast culture; higher for embryo/anther culture.
21
Question
What is the role of hexitols like myo-inositol in tissue culture?
Answer
Growth enhancer; involved in multiple metabolic and regulatory processes.
22
Question
What is the relatd function of mannitiol and sorbitol in tissue culture?
Answer
Hexitols that serve as good osmotica for protoplast isolation.
23
Question
Why is the gelling agent important in culture media?
Answer
Provides stationary support; affects experimental response.
24
Question
What are common stationary supports besides agar?
Answer
Filter paper, cotton, cheesecloth, vermiculite, membrane rafts.
25
Question
What is Gelrite, and where does it come from?
Answer
A transparent gelling polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas; used as gel medium.
26
Question
Why is the type of agar important for experiments?
Answer
Different gels affect explant response.
27
Question
Why are amino acids important in morphogenesis?
Answer
Serve as building blocks and signal carriers for development.
28
Question
Which amino acids are noted for shoot initiation and rooting?
Answer
L-tyrosine for shoot initiation; L-arginine for rooting.
29
Question
What role does L-serine play in microspore cultures?
Answer
Used to obtain haploid embryos.
30
Question
What is the effect of amides like L-glutamine and L-asparagine?
Answer
Enhance somatic embryogenesis.