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Homeostasis and Body Systems Essentials
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Homeostasis and Body Systems Essentials
Homeostasis and Body Systems Essentials
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1
Question
What are the basic life processes?
Answer
Metabolism: sum of chemical processes in the body
2
Question
What are the two subtypes of metabolism?
Answer
Catabolism and Anabolism
3
Question
What does movement refer to in life processes?
Answer
Motion of whole body, organs, cells, and structures inside cells
4
Question
What is hypertrophy in cellular terms?
Answer
Increase in cell size
5
Question
What is hyperplasia?
Answer
Increase in number of cells
6
Question
What is differentiation?
Answer
Development of a cell from unspecialized to specialized state
7
Question
What is meant by reproduction in the cellular context?
Answer
New cell formation for tissue growth, repair, or replacement
8
Question
What is homeostasis?
Answer
Maintenance of stable internal conditions within dynamic limits
9
Question
What are the two main fluid compartments in the body?
Answer
Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)
10
Question
What is interstitial fluid?
Answer
Fluid filling narrow spaces between cells
11
Question
What is a receptor in a feedback system?
Answer
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center
12
Question
What is the control center in a feedback system?
Answer
Sets the set point for the controlled condition
13
Question
What is an afferent pathway?
Answer
Pathway bringing input to the control center
14
Question
What is an efferent pathway?
Answer
Pathway carrying output from the control center to an effector
15
Question
What is an effector in a feedback system?
Answer
Produces a response that changes the controlled condition
16
Question
What is a negative feedback system?
Answer
Reverses a change in a controlled condition
17
Question
What is a positive feedback system?
Answer
Strengthens a change in a controlled condition
18
Question
Where is synovial fluid located?
Answer
Within joints (ECF)
19
Question
Where is aqueous humor found?
Answer
In front of the eyeball (front chamber) as eye fluid
20
Question
Where is the vitreous body found?
Answer
Space between the lens and retina in the eye
21
Question
What are the 11 systems of the human body listed?
Answer
Integumentary, Digestive, Lymphatic, Muscular, Endocrine, Reproductive, Nervous, Skeletal, Respiratory, Circulatory/Cardiovascular, Urinary
22
Question
What is the basic boundary between organ systems and the organism level?
Answer
Organ systems join tissues to perform functions; organism is all parts functioning together
23
Question
What does the circulatory/cardiovascular system do?
Answer
Functions of the heart and blood vessels
24
Question
What does the nervous system primarily govern?
Answer
Nerve cell function and activity; coordination of body activities
25
Question
What does the endocrine system regulate?
Answer
Hormone-controlled body functions
26
Question
What is intrapersonal fluid?
Answer
Intracellular fluid (ICF) inside body cells
27
Question
What is the extracellular fluid?
Answer
Fluid outside body cells (ECF)
28
Question
What is the role of receptors in feedback?
Answer
Monitor changes and input to control center
29
Question
What role does the control center play in feedback?
Answer
Maintains narrow range or set point for a condition
30
Question
What role do effectors play in feedback?
Answer
Respond to control center output to adjust the condition