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Generalized Cell Structure and Function
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Generalized Cell Structure and Function
Generalized Cell Structure and Function
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1
Question
What is the cell considered to be in the human body?
Answer
Structural and functional unit of the body
2
Question
What is the primary function of cells in sustaining life?
Answer
Carry out chemical activities needed to sustain life and divide to form/repair tissues
3
Question
What concepts do the four main points of cell theory describe?
Answer
Cell is basic unit; organism’s activity depends on cells; life continuity has cellular basis; cells determine structure and function (complementarity)
4
Question
Name the four main concepts of the cell theory.
Answer
Cell is basic unit; organism activity depends on cells; cellular basis of life; structure dictates function
5
Question
What are the three main regions/parts common to all cells?
Answer
Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
6
Question
Where is the nucleus usually located within the cell?
Answer
Near the center of the cell
7
Question
What surrounds the nucleus and separates it from cytoplasm?
Answer
Nuclear envelope (double membrane)
8
Question
What is the fluid-filled space between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope called?
Answer
Nuclear pore/moat region
9
Question
What is the fluid inside the nucleus called?
Answer
Nucleoplasm
10
Question
What structure inside the nucleus contains the genetic material?
Answer
Chromatin (and nucleolus)
11
Question
What are ribosome-producing structures inside the nucleus called?
Answer
Nucleoli
12
Question
What are the major components of the generalized cell’s cytoplasm region?
Answer
Cytoplasm and organelles within the cytoplasm
13
Question
What are the two layers of the plasma membrane described as?
Answer
Phospholipid bilayer (lipid bilayer) with proteins
14
Question
What term is sometimes used interchangeably with plasma membrane but is broader in scope?
Answer
Cell membrane
15
Question
What is the model that describes the plasma membrane’s structure?
Answer
Fluid Mosaic Model
16
Question
Why is the plasma membrane described as a dynamic structure rather than a passive barrier?
Answer
It participates in many cellular activities and transport through pores and proteins
17
Question
Name the three major components of the nucleolus, chromatin, and nucleus arrangement?
Answer
Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
18
Question
What maintains selective passage of substances into and out of the nucleus?
Answer
Nuclear pores
19
Question
Which three factors determine the cell’s shape and thus can influence nucleus shape?
Answer
Cell type, elongation, cytoskeletal organization
20
Question
What are the two major “regions” identified in the nucleus?
Answer
Nucleolus and chromatin (and nuclear envelope)
21
Question
What lightweight, simple analogy describes the cell’s basic building blocks?
Answer
Cells are the bricks and building blocks of life (basic unit)
22
Question
What happens when a cell is not dividing in terms of chromatin structure?
Answer
DNA wound around histones forming chromatin
23
Question
What happens to chromatin during cell division?
Answer
Chromatin coils to form dense chromosomes
24
Question
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?
Answer
Protein synthesis sites (made in nucleoli)
25
Question
What is the chemical composition of the plasma membrane’s core?
Answer
Phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail with cholesterol and proteins
26
Question
What extra component may be attached to some phospholipids forming glycolipids?
Answer
Sugar groups
27
Question
What is the term for the flexible boundary that defines the cell’s limits?
Answer
Plasma membrane
28
Question
What does the plasma membrane primarily protect the cell from?
Answer
Environment and maintains contents
29
Question
What is meant by the term 'generalized cell'?
Answer
A representative model illustrating common cell features
30
Question
What is the significance of the nucleus containing DNA?
Answer
DNA carries all instructions for building proteins and reproduction