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Blood and Circulation Essentials
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Blood and Circulation Essentials
Blood and Circulation Essentials
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1
Question
What is the fundamental purpose of the circulatory system?
Answer
Transport substances throughout the body
2
Question
What is the blood’s role in circulation?
Answer
Liquid transport medium for substances
3
Question
What structures ensure proper routing of blood?
Answer
Blood vessels
4
Question
What is the heart’s main function in circulation?
Answer
Pump that keeps blood flowing
5
Question
Name three protective roles of the circulatory system.
Answer
Inflammation, limit infection spread, destroy pathogens and cancer cells (and toxins)
6
Question
How does the circulatory system regulate body fluid balance?
Answer
Maintains fluid balance and pH of ECF; temperature control
7
Question
What are the two main components of blood?
Answer
Plasma and formed elements
8
Question
What are the formed elements of blood?
Answer
RBCs, platelets, leukocytes
9
Question
Which white blood cells are granulocytes?
Answer
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
10
Question
Which white blood cells are agranulocytes?
Answer
Lymphocytes, monocytes
11
Question
Approximately how much blood do adults have?
Answer
4–6 liters
12
Question
What is plasma?
Answer
The liquid matrix of blood
13
Question
What are albumins responsible for?
Answer
Solute transport, buffering pH, viscosity, osmotic pressure
14
Question
What are the three subclasses of globulins?
Answer
Alpha, beta, gamma globulins
15
Question
What is fibrinogen’s role?
Answer
Soluble precursor of fibrin in clot formation
16
Question
What is a nitrogenous waste commonly found in plasma?
Answer
Urea
17
Question
What ion makes up the majority of plasma cations?
Answer
Sodium (Na+)
18
Question
What determines blood viscosity?
Answer
Cohesion of particles, RBCs, albumin
19
Question
How viscous is whole blood compared to water?
Answer
About 4.5–5.5 times as viscous
20
Question
What determines blood osmolarity?
Answer
Sodium, proteins, red blood cells (solutes)
21
Question
What happens if blood osmolarity is too high?
Answer
Water absorption increases blood pressure
22
Question
What happens if blood osmolarity is too low?
Answer
Water retention in tissues; edema; low blood pressure
23
Question
What is colloid osmotic pressure (COP)?
Answer
Protein contribution to blood osmotic pressure
24
Question
What is hypoproteinemia?
Answer
Deficiency of plasma proteins
25
Question
What condition is caused by severe protein deficiency in children?
Answer
Kwashiorkor
26
Question
What is erythrocyte short form?
Answer
RBC (red blood cell)
27
Question
What is the main gas transport role of erythrocytes?
Answer
Oxygen from lungs to tissues; CO2 to lungs
28
Question
What is the shape of an erythrocyte?
Answer
Discoid, biconcave shape
29
Question
What is the typical diameter of an RBC?
Answer
7.5 μm; 2.0 μm thick at rim
30
Question
What organelles do mature RBCs lack?
Answer
Nucleus and mitochondria