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Biological Macromolecules Overview
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Biological Macromolecules Overview
Biological Macromolecules Overview
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1
Question
What are the four classes of large biological molecules?
Answer
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
2
Question
What is a macromolecule?
Answer
A large molecule with thousands of covalently bonded atoms
3
Question
What is a polymer?
Answer
A long molecule made of many monomers
4
Question
What is a monomer?
Answer
A small building-block molecule of a polymer
5
Question
What reaction forms polymers from monomers?
Answer
Dehydration synthesis (loss of water)
6
Question
What reaction breaks polymers into monomers?
Answer
Hydrolysis (reverse of dehydration synthesis)
7
Question
What does dehydration synthesis do?
Answer
Links monomers to form polymers with loss of water
8
Question
What is hydrolysis?
Answer
Breaks polymers into monomers by adding water
9
Question
What is the role of carbohydrates as fuels?
Answer
Store and provide energy for cells
10
Question
What are monosaccharides?
Answer
Single sugar building blocks of carbohydrates
11
Question
What are polysaccharides?
Answer
Polymers composed of many sugar units
12
Question
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
Answer
CH2O units (multiples of CH2O)
13
Question
Which monosaccharide is most common?
Answer
Glucose (C6H12O6)
14
Question
What are the major carbohydrate macromolecules in plants?
Answer
Starch and cellulose (plant storage and structure)
15
Question
Where is glycogen stored in animals?
Answer
Liver and muscles
16
Question
What plant polysaccharide provides structural support in cell walls?
Answer
Cellulose
17
Question
What structural polysaccharide is found in fungi and insect exoskeletons?
Answer
Chitin
18
Question
What are the building blocks for lipids?
Answer
Fatty acids and glycerol
19
Question
What are common functions of lipids?
Answer
Long-term energy storage, waterproofing, signaling, insulation
20
Question
Why are lipids not water-soluble?
Answer
Because they are hydrophobic and nonpolar
21
Question
Are lipids polymers?
Answer
No, they do not form polymers
22
Question
What does the term hydrophobic mean?
Answer
Water-fearing; little to no affinity for water
23
Question
What elements compose proteins?
Answer
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
24
Question
What is a protein monomer?
Answer
Amino acids
25
Question
What is the protein polymer called?
Answer
Polypeptide
26
Question
What are the main functions of proteins?
Answer
Growth/repair, structural support, enzymes, antibodies
27
Question
Where are proteins commonly found in the body?
Answer
Muscles, hair, nails, skin
28
Question
What are common protein-rich foods?
Answer
Meat, poultry, fish, beans, nuts, eggs
29
Question
What elements compose nucleic acids?
Answer
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)
30
Question
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Answer
Nucleotide