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Philippine History Essentials
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Philippine History Essentials
Philippine History Essentials
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1
Question
What was the basic political unit in pre-colonial Philippines?
Answer
A barangay led by a datu, as local governance unit
2
Question
What sub-classes existed among slaves in pre-colonial Philippines?
Answer
Aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid
3
Question
What was the Galleon Trade time span?
Answer
Trade link between Manila and Acapulco, 1565–1815
4
Question
Who led the Propaganda Movement in late 19th century Philippines?
Answer
Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar
5
Question
What event triggered Jose Rizal's execution that intensified grievances?
Answer
Execution of Jose Rizal on December 30, 1896
6
Question
What event marked the start of the Katipunan's armed struggle against Spain, according to the text?
Answer
Cry of Pugadlawin (August 1896)
7
Question
Who founded the Katipunan and what was its purpose?
Answer
Andrés Bonifacio; to overthrow Spain through armed revolt
8
Question
What was the Tejeros Convention and its outcome?
Answer
Aguinaldo elected president; Bonifacio ousted and later executed
9
Question
What happened at the Pact of Biak-na-Bato?
Answer
Aguinaldo sent to Hong Kong; cessation of hostilities
10
Question
When and where was the Philippines proclaimed independent?
Answer
June 12, 1898; Kawit, Cavite
11
Question
Why did the United States and Spain not recognize Philippine independence in 1898?
Answer
Treaty of Paris; Philippines sold to the US for $20 million
12
Question
What event led to the Philippine-American War?
Answer
American occupation after Treaty of Paris; displacing Aguinaldo's forces
13
Question
Who captured Emilio Aguinaldo and when did this occur?
Answer
Aguinaldo captured in Palanan, Isabela, 1901
14
Question
What was the role of the Thomasites in the American colonial period?
Answer
Teachers who introduced English and public schooling
15
Question
What does benevolent assimilation refer to in this context?
Answer
Colonial education approach with humane language but imperial aims
16
Question
What political bodies were established during American rule and when?
Answer
Philippine Commission (initially); Philippine Assembly in 1907
17
Question
What was the Jones Law and its significance?
Answer
1916 law promising eventual independence after stable government
18
Question
What did the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) establish?
Answer
A ten-year transition to independence
19
Question
When was the Commonwealth of the Philippines established and who was the first president?
Answer
1935; Manuel L. Quezon
20
Question
What were key reforms under the Commonwealth period?
Answer
National language policy, land reform, military preparation for independence
21
Question
What major global event disrupted the Philippines before full independence?
Answer
World War II; Japanese invasion in 1941
22
Question
What happened during the December 1941 Japanese invasion?
Answer
Pearl Harbor attack; Philippines invaded; Bataan fell in 1942
23
Question
What is the Death March and when did it occur?
Answer
Forced march of prisoners from Mariveles to San Fernando in 1942
24
Question
What was the Second Philippine Republic and who led it?
Answer
Japanese puppet government; led by Jose P. Laurel (1943)
25
Question
What was Hukbalahap and who led it?
Answer
People's Army of the Hukbalahap; led by Luis Taruc
26
Question
What declaration followed MacArthur's return, and what was its significance?
Answer
“I shall return”; symbolic promise of liberation and larger counteroffensive
27
Question
When did the Philippines regain independence after World War II?
Answer
1945-1946; independence restored with U.S. withdrawal completing later
28
Question
What event formally established Philippine independence in 1946?
Answer
July 4, 1946; establishment of the Third Republic with Roxas as president
29
Question
What was Bell Trade Act and why controversial?
Answer
Parity rights for Americans; linked Philippine economy to US, sparking debate
30
Question
Who became president after the war and what was he known for?
Answer
Ramon Magsaysay; champion of the masses and anti-Huk campaign