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Momentum and Impulse Review
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1
Question
What are the units of momentum?
Answer
kg·m/s
2
Question
How does momentum relate to Newton's second law rearranged?
Answer
Momentum = Force × Time
3
Question
What fundamental principle does momentum conservation embody?
Answer
Momentum cannot be created or destroyed; it is conserved
4
Question
State the conservation of momentum for a two-body system in an isolated collision.
Answer
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
5
Question
What is the condition for an elastic collision regarding kinetic energy?
Answer
Kinetic energy is the same before and after
6
Question
State the momentum conservation equation for a two-body inelastic collision where bodies stick together.
Answer
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)V
7
Question
Define impulse in terms of momentum.
Answer
Impulse = change in momentum
8
Question
What are the units of impulse?
Answer
N·s
9
Question
What is the relationship between impulse and force-time area under a curve?
Answer
Area under a Force–Time graph equals impulse
10
Question
How can impulse be expressed as a velocity change in a system with constant mass?
Answer
I = m(v − u)
11
Question
Why is momentum considered a vector quantity?
Answer
Because velocity (and momentum) have direction
12
Question
In a two-body collision, if one object’s velocity decreases, what must happen to the other’s velocity for momentum to be conserved?
Answer
The other velocity must adjust so total momentum matches
13
Question
What is the momentum before a collision with two objects labeled as m1u1 + m2u2?
Answer
Total initial momentum
14
Question
What condition defines an inelastic collision when two objects stick together?
Answer
Final velocity is common for both objects
15
Question
How would you model a rocket expelling fuel in momentum terms?
Answer
Rocket and expelled fuel as two masses with velocities V1 and V3
16
Question
What is the velocity change if impulse I acts on mass m starting from velocity u?
Answer
v = u + I/m
17
Question
In a collision, if final velocities are V1 and V2, what is the momentum conservation equation?
Answer
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1V1 + m2V2
18
Question
What demonstrates conservation of momentum when one object breaks into two equal masses?
Answer
m1u1 = m2v2 + m3v3
19
Question
What does P = mv imply about stationary objects?
Answer
P = 0 when v = 0
20
Question
In a two-body inelastic collision with sticking, how is speed after collision determined?
Answer
From momentum conservation, with combined mass
21
Question
What is m2v2 in the inelastic collision formula for two objects forming a single mass?
Answer
Momentum of second object after collision
22
Question
What is the relationship between impulse I and momentum change ΔP?
Answer
I = ΔP
23
Question
In which scenario is the formula m1u1 + m2u2 = m3v3 used?
Answer
Inelastic collision with separation into two masses
24
Question
How can you compute the final velocity of two masses after a perfectly inelastic collision?
Answer
Use momentum conservation with combined mass
25
Question
What is the mathematical expression for impulse from force-time graph area in symbols?
Answer
I = ∫ F dt
26
Question
What is momentum in vector form?
Answer
p = m v with p and v as vectors
27
Question
State impulse–momentum relation in symbols.
Answer
I = Δp = ∫ F dt
28
Question
Define impulse.
Answer
Impulse equals the change in momentum; ∆p = ∫ F dt
29
Question
What is conserved in all collisions in an isolated system?
Answer
Total momentum is conserved; kinetic energy may not be
30
Question
What is the momentum before collision in a two-body system?
Answer
m1u1 + m2u2