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Flashcards from PDF
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1
Question
What is chemotherapy in pharmacology?
Answer
Use of chemicals to destroy infectious microorganisms without harming the host
2
Question
Define a drug according to the text.
Answer
Substance used in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, or cure of disease
3
Question
On what basis is drug classification by pharmacological effect done?
Answer
Analgesics relieve pain; antiseptics kill/arrest microorganisms
4
Question
What is meant by 'drug action' basis of classification?
Answer
Based on a drug's effect on a biochemical process
5
Question
What defines 'drug target interaction'?
Answer
Drugs interact with biomolecules like enzymes, receptors, nucleic acids
6
Question
What are enzymes in pharmacology?
Answer
Biological catalysts that hold substrates and provide reactive groups
7
Question
What are enzyme inhibitors?
Answer
Drugs that block enzyme binding or catalytic activity
8
Question
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Answer
Drug competes with substrate at the enzyme active site
9
Question
What is an allosteric site?
Answer
Alternate enzyme site where non-active-site-binding drugs act
10
Question
What are receptors in pharmacology?
Answer
Proteins that receive chemical messengers to transmit signals
11
Question
What are the two types of chemical messengers?
Answer
Hormones and neurotransmitters
12
Question
How do chemical messengers interact with receptors?
Answer
Bind to receptor sites causing conformational change and signaling
13
Question
What is an antagonist in receptor pharmacology?
Answer
Drug that blocks receptor function
14
Question
What is an agonist?
Answer
Drug that mimics a natural messenger and activates the receptor
15
Question
Define antacids.
Answer
Chemicals that reduce stomach acidity; basic in nature
16
Question
Name common antacids mentioned.
Answer
Sodium hydrogen carbonate; aluminum/magnesium hydroxide
17
Question
What is the role of histamine in ulcers according to the text?
Answer
Excess histamine release increases gastric acidity
18
Question
Give examples of antihistamines listed.
Answer
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole
19
Question
What are antihistamines used for?
Answer
Diminish or abolish effects of histamine
20
Question
Who are drug targets in the body?
Answer
Enzymes and receptors
21
Question
Name a mood-related neurotransmitter mentioned.
Answer
Noradrenaline
22
Question
What are analgesics?
Answer
Drugs that relieve pain
23
Question
Differentiate non-narcotic vs narcotic analgesics.
Answer
Non-narcotic: non-addictive; Narcotic: e.g., morphine, can cause serious effects
24
Question
Which analgesic also acts as an antipyretic and anticoagulant?
Answer
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
25
Question
What are antimicrobials?
Answer
Chemicals that stop growth or kill microorganisms
26
Question
What are antibiotics?
Answer
Antimicrobials produced by microorganisms that inhibit/destroy other microbes
27
Question
What is meant by spectrum of action?
Answer
Range of bacteria/microorganisms affected by an antibiotic
28
Question
Define broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum antibiotics.
Answer
Broad: wide range; Narrow: mainly Gram-positive or Gram-negative
29
Question
Name penicillin-G characteristic.
Answer
Narrow spectrum penicillin widely used
30
Question
What are sulpha drugs?
Answer
Sulfonamides; derivatives of sulphanilamide