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Fracture Repair Principles and Techniques
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Fracture Repair Principles and Techniques
Final 1
Study
1
Question
What are the four main principles for fracture repair?
Answer
Achieve anatomical reduction, stable fixation, preserve blood supply, promote early mobilization.
2
Question
Why choose internal fixation?
Answer
Allows rigid stabilization, limb movement, weight bearing, and preserves joint and muscle function.
3
Question
Main concerns of internal fixation?
Answer
Invasiveness, soft tissue damage, delayed healing, infection risk.
4
Question
Four key points for fracture reduction planning?
Answer
Classification, reconstructability, fixation technique, anatomical options.
5
Question
Two main categories of implants?
Answer
Primary (bone plates, pins), secondary (supportive devices like wires, screws).
6
Question
Characteristics of cortical screws?
Answer
Smaller threads, full length engagement with cortical bone.
7
Question
Features of cancellous screws?
Answer
Larger threads, partial engagement, for spongy bone.
8
Question
Bone type repaired with cancellous screws?
Answer
Trabecular (spongy) bone.
9
Question
Main functions of screws?
Answer
Lag, position, plate fixation, locking.
10
Question
What are lag screws used for?
Answer
Compress two bones together by passing through both.
11
Question
Lag screw placement process?
Answer
Glide hole in the first bone, narrower hole in second, screw compresses both.
12
Question
Function of a position screw?
Answer
Hold fragments in place without compression.
13
Question
What is a DCP?
Answer
A plate that creates compression at fracture site.
14
Question
LC-DCP purpose?
Answer
Reduce periosteal pressure, minimize microfractures.
15
Question
How does a DCP create compression?
Answer
Tightening screws in oval holes pulls fragments together.
16
Question
Advantages of LCP plates?
Answer
Minimize displacement, preserve blood supply, less soft tissue damage.
17
Question
How do locking screws differ?
Answer
Absorb forces directly, prevent bone contact.
18
Question
How do locking screws work?
Answer
Absorb force into plate, avoid bone contact, distribute forces evenly.
19
Question
Bridging function of plates?
Answer
Support non-reconstructible fractures, transfer forces around the area.
20
Question
What are tension band plates?
Answer
Plates that convert tensile forces into compression.
21
Question
Buttress function of plates?
Answer
Withstand axial forces to prevent collapse.
22
Question
Indications for pins?
Answer
Fix long bones, resist bending forces.
23
Question
Disadvantages of pins?
Answer
Weak against compression/rotation, potential displacement.
24
Question
Use of cerclage wire?
Answer
Support other implants, reduce forces.
25
Question
Monotonic vs fatigue fracture?
Answer
Single high-force event vs. stress over time.
26
Question
Strain imbalance?
Answer
Bone resorption exceeds formation, leading to fatigue fractures.
27
Question
Cause of fatigue fractures?
Answer
Repetitive microdamage from overload.
28
Question
Common fracture sites in racehorses?
Answer
Carpus, metacarpus, proximal/distal phalanx, sesamoids.
29
Question
Most common third carpal bone fracture?
Answer
Slab fracture.
30
Question
Common sites of fetlock fractures?
Answer
P3, sesamoids, third metacarpal/metatarsal.