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Reproductive System Disorders and Treatments
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Reproductive System Disorders and Treatments
Final 4.
Study
1
Question
What is the main treatment protocol for uterine prolapse?
Answer
Manual reduction and ovariohysterectomy (pull uterus back and spay).
2
Question
What agents can aid manual reduction in uterine prolapse?
Answer
Hyperosmolar agents, lubricants, cold compresses.
3
Question
Main concern with subinvolution of placental sites?
Answer
Persistent bleeding leading to vaginal hemorrhage.
4
Question
When is subinvolution of placental sites typically seen?
Answer
In young dogs after first or second litter due to fetal cells.
5
Question
Main treatment for subinvolution of placental sites?
Answer
OHE, especially if vaginal hemorrhage causes anemia.
6
Question
Differentials for subinvolution of placental sites?
Answer
Metritis, vaginitis, trauma, neoplasia, coagulopathies.
7
Question
Why isn't hemorrhage from subinvolution mistaken for estrus bleeding?
Answer
Occurs postpartum during anestrus, not during estrus.
8
Question
What is vaginal edema and in what patients?
Answer
Edematous vaginal tissue due to estrogen, seen in young intact females.
9
Question
Treatment methods for vaginal edema?
Answer
Moistening, lubricating, manual reduction, possibly ovariohysterectomy.
10
Question
When to consider resection for vaginal edema after spay?
Answer
If it persists 2-3 weeks post-spay.
11
Question
How differentiate vaginal prolapse from edema?
Answer
Edema is solid; prolapse is donut-shaped protrusion.
12
Question
Treatment options for vaginal prolapse?
Answer
Manual reduction, ovariohysterectomy, resection.
13
Question
Usually affected by vaginal neoplasia?
Answer
Older, intact females.
14
Question
Most common vaginal neoplasias?
Answer
Benign leiomyomas; regress with OHE.
15
Question
Differentials for vaginal tumors?
Answer
TVT and benign masses.
16
Question
Most common prostatic disease?
Answer
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
17
Question
Signs of BPH?
Answer
Often asymptomatic; dyschezia, dysuria, preputial discharge.
18
Question
Expected physical exam of BPH?
Answer
Symmetrically enlarged, freely palpable prostate.
19
Question
Radiographic sign of BPH?
Answer
"Double bladder" appearance.
20
Question
Why ultrasound for BPH?
Answer
Differentiate from neoplasia, cysts, mineralization.
21
Question
Treatment of choice for BPH?
Answer
Orchiectomy/neuter.
22
Question
Why prefer surgery over medication for BPH?
Answer
More effective in removing testosterone source.
23
Question
Main cause of cryptorchidism?
Answer
Heritable, congenital abnormality of testicular descent.
24
Question
Diagnose cryptorchidism?
Answer
Lack of testicles, hormone tests, palpation, ultrasound.
25
Question
Hormone tests for cryptorchidism?
Answer
Testosterone stimulation test, AMH detection.
26
Question
Treatment for cryptorchidism?
Answer
Surgical removal of retained testicle(s).
27
Question
Approach for cryptorchid neutering?
Answer
Midline incision extending parapreputial.
28
Question
Main concern with cryptorchid surgery?
Answer
Misidentification of testicle as prostate; smaller size and short pedicle.
29
Question
Testicular tumors?
Answer
Leydig, Sertoli, seminomas.
30
Question
Signs of sertoli cell tumors?
Answer
Hyperestrogenism: feminization, alopecia, gynecomastia.