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Early Pregnancy Complications and Management
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Early Pregnancy Complications and Management
Early Pregnancy Complications and Management
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1
Question
What is the gestational age limit for fetus viability?
Answer
20 weeks (some textbooks say 24 weeks).
2
Question
Define Spontaneous abortion.
Answer
Pregnancy termination before fetal viability.
3
Question
What are hygroscopic dilators used for?
Answer
Cervical ripening and preparation for abortion.
4
Question
Name a commonly used cervical ripening medication.
Answer
Misoprostol.
5
Question
Which procedure is most common for surgical abortion before 20 weeks?
Answer
Dilatation and Curettage (D and C).
6
Question
What is the primary goal of cervical ripening medications?
Answer
To soften and dilate the cervix.
7
Question
What ultrasound finding indicates a gestational sac is present?
Answer
An anechoic fluid collection with possible yolk sac.
8
Question
At what gestational age can fetal heartbeat typically be detected?
Answer
Around 6 weeks.
9
Question
What are the main classifications of abortion based on cause?
Answer
Threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, habitual.
10
Question
Name a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.
Answer
Previous salpingitis or tubal infection.
11
Question
Where does blastocyst most commonly implant in ectopic pregnancy?
Answer
Fallopian tube, especially the ampullary region.
12
Question
What is a key sign of tubal rupture in ectopic pregnancy?
Answer
Acute severe lower abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum.
13
Question
What is the significance of β-hCG levels in early pregnancy assessment?
Answer
Help determine viability and pregnancy location.
14
Question
What ultrasound feature rules out ectopic pregnancy?
Answer
Intrauterine gestational sac with yolk sac and fetal heartbeat.
15
Question
How soon after an abortion does ovulation typically resume?
Answer
As early as 2 weeks.
16
Question
What is the treatment for septic abortion?
Answer
Broad-spectrum antibiotics and suction curettage.
17
Question
Name a complication associated with medical abortion.
Answer
Heavy bleeding and cramping.
18
Question
What is the main goal when managing threatened abortion?
Answer
Monitor and support to prevent progression.
19
Question
Which medication is used for cervical ripening in abortion procedures?
Answer
Misoprostol.
20
Question
What are typical signs of ectopic pregnancy during clinical examination?
Answer
Adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness, adnexal mass.
21
Question
Which site of ectopic pregnancy has the highest risk of rupture early?
Answer
Isthmic portion of fallopian tube.
22
Question
What is the role of transvaginal sonography in early pregnancy assessment?
Answer
Locate pregnancy, determine viability, exclude ectopic.
23
Question
What is the importance of a decidual cast in ectopic pregnancy?
Answer
Represents sloughed endometrial tissue after tubal abortion.
24
Question
What maternal factors increase the risk of abortion?
Answer
Age over 35, infections, immunologic factors like APAS.
25
Question
Why is early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy critical?
Answer
To prevent rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage.
26
Question
What are the main histological findings in a missed abortion?
Answer
Absence of fetal tissue with retained products.
27
Question
Describe the management sequence for a stable early pregnancy with a non-viable pregnancy on ultrasound.
Answer
Expectant management, medical, or surgical evacuation depending on case.
28
Question
What is the significance of serum progesterone levels in pregnancy assessment?
Answer
<5 ng/mL indicates pregnancy failure; >20 ng/mL indicates viability.
29
Question
What are the typical clinical signs of tubal rupture?
Answer
Severe lower abdominal pain, hemoperitoneum, shock signs.
30
Question
How does chromosomal abnormality contribute to miscarriage?
Answer
Most common cause, especially chromosomal anomalies in abortuses.