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Tumor Evaluation and Treatment Basics
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Tumor Evaluation and Treatment Basics
Tumor Evaluation and Treatment Basics
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1
Question
What is done with radical removal of tissue compartments?
Answer
Complete excision for distal limb neoplasia
2
Question
What main tumor characteristics are assessed during physical exam?
Answer
Size, location, fixation, texture, ulceration, pigmentation
3
Question
Which structures besides the tumor should be palpated?
Answer
Lymph nodes for enlargement
4
Question
Why is it important to assess comorbidities before surgery?
Answer
To evaluate anesthesia tolerance and surgical risk
5
Question
What are main advantages of biopsy?
Answer
More accurate diagnosis, prognosis info, guide treatment
6
Question
What are main disadvantages of biopsy?
Answer
Potential morbidity, still may miss diagnosis, must remove biopsy site during excision
7
Question
Where do mast cell tumors commonly metastasize?
Answer
Lymph nodes, liver, spleen
8
Question
Where do sarcomas typically spread?
Answer
Lungs
9
Question
Where do carcinomas usually metastasize?
Answer
Lymph nodes and lungs
10
Question
What does the TNM system assess?
Answer
Tumor size, regional lymph node spread, distant metastasis
11
Question
What is the primary goal when staging a tumor?
Answer
Assess spread to guide treatment plan
12
Question
What diagnostics are used for tumor staging?
Answer
Thoracic radiographs, ultrasound, bloodwork, FNA, advanced imaging
13
Question
What should be considered regarding client expectations?
Answer
Cure vs palliation, survival time, morbidity, aesthetic effects
14
Question
What are local therapy treatments for neoplasia?
Answer
Surgery, radiation
15
Question
What are distant therapy options?
Answer
Chemotherapy, radical excision
16
Question
Limb amputation is an example of what excision type?
Answer
Radical excision
17
Question
True or False: Using too low a surgical dose makes future correction easy?
Answer
False - it is not advised; first surgery offers best chance for cure
18
Question
Why should gloves and instruments be changed during tumor removal?
Answer
To prevent cancer seeding in new areas
19
Question
Why is tumor marking important?
Answer
Ensures pathologist knows the tumor's aspect and margins
20
Question
How many fascial planes are usually removed in standard tumor excision?
Answer
One fascial plane deep
21
Question
Which tissues are barriers to tumor spread?
Answer
Fascia, cartilage, bone
22
Question
What are the margins for soft tissue sarcoma?
Answer
Minimum 3cm laterally, one fascial plane deep
23
Question
Margins for mast cell tumors?
Answer
2-3cm laterally, at least one fascial plane deep
24
Question
Origin of mammary adenomas/adenocarcinomas?
Answer
Subcutaneous tissue from mammary chain
25
Question
Appearance of mammary tumors?
Answer
Soft to firm, variable size and number
26
Question
Behavior of mammary tumors in dogs and cats?
Answer
Dogs: 50% benign/malignant; Cats: 85% malignant
27
Question
Treatment of mammary adenomas/adenocarcinomas in dogs?
Answer
Lumpectomy for small, mastectomy for larger masses
28
Question
Treatment of mammary tumors in cats?
Answer
Mastectomy, as they are usually malignant
29
Question
How to prevent mammary adenomas/adenocarcinomas?
Answer
Early spaying (≤2.5 years)
30
Question
Treatment for SCC?
Answer
Surgical excision (e.g., pinnectomy, nasal planum resection)