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Milestones in Microbiology
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Milestones in Microbiology
Milestones in Microbiology
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1
Question
Who discovered penicillin and in what year?
Answer
Alexander Fleming in 1928.
2
Question
Who proposed the double-helix structure of DNA and when?
Answer
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
3
Question
What did Edward Jenner develop in 1796?
Answer
The first smallpox vaccine.
4
Question
Which scientist invented PCR and when?
Answer
Kary Mullis in 1983.
5
Question
What is the significance of Louis Pasteur's work in 1862?
Answer
Supported germ theory of disease.
6
Question
What are Koch’s Postulates and who developed them?
Answer
Criteria for linking microbes to diseases, developed by Robert Koch in 1882.
7
Question
What structure did Hans Christian Gram develop in 1884?
Answer
Gram staining method.
8
Question
Who invented the Petri dish and when?
Answer
Richard J. Petri in 1887.
9
Question
Who identified tobacco mosaic virus and when?
Answer
Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892.
10
Question
When was viral dependence on host cells first demonstrated and by whom?
Answer
T. Smith and F.I. Smith in 1893.
11
Question
What did Walter Reed demonstrate in 1900?
Answer
Mosquitoes as vectors for yellow fever.
12
Question
In what year was the first effective syphilis treatment discovered and by whom?
Answer
Salvarsan by Paul Ehrlich in 1910.
13
Question
What did Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiments in 1861 demonstrate?
Answer
Disproved spontaneous generation of microbes.
14
Question
Who developed methods for DNA sequencing and in which years?
Answer
Frederick Sanger in 1977 and Walter Gilbert in 1977.
15
Question
When was the complete genome of Haemophilus influenzae published?
Answer
1995.
16
Question
What development did Joseph Lister make in 1867?
Answer
Antiseptic surgical practices.
17
Question
Who described 'animalcules' in 1676?
Answer
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
18
Question
What was the key contribution of Paul Ehrlich in 1910?
Answer
Salvarsan, first effective treatment for syphilis.
19
Question
Who is credited with developing the first vaccine for rabies?
Answer
Louis Pasteur in 1885.
20
Question
What notable contribution did Robert Koch make in 1876?
Answer
Identified Bacillus anthracis as cause of anthrax.
21
Question
When did Louis Pasteur publish his experiments supporting germ theory?
Answer
1862.
22
Question
Who conducted the first experiments that supported germ theory in 1862?
Answer
Louis Pasteur.
23
Question
Which scientist initiated antiseptic practices in surgery in 1867?
Answer
Joseph Lister.
24
Question
What is the significance of the year 1665 in microbiology?
Answer
Discovery of cells by Robert Hooke.
25
Question
Who developed the first method for bacterial classification based on staining?
Answer
Hans Christian Gram in 1884.
26
Question
Who discovered penicillin and when?
Answer
Alexander Fleming in 1928, marking the first antibiotic discovery.
27
Question
What did Louis Pasteur's 1862 work demonstrate?
Answer
Support for germ theory of disease.
28
Question
Who developed the Gram staining technique?
Answer
Hans Christian Gram in 1884.
29
Question
Who pioneered handwashing in medicine?
Answer
Ignaz Semmelweis in 1850.
30
Question
What is the significance of the discovery of viruses passing through filters?
Answer
Indicated viruses are smaller than bacteria, revolutionizing microbiology.