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Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Overview
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Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Overview
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Overview
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1
Question
What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle?
Answer
To lead to cell division and produce two daughter cells.
2
Question
Which are the two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
Answer
Interphase and M phase.
3
Question
What occurs during interphase?
Answer
Cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division.
4
Question
What are the phases of interphase?
Answer
G1, S, and G2.
5
Question
What is the role of the G1 phase?
Answer
Cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis.
6
Question
What happens during the S phase?
Answer
DNA replication and chromosome duplication.
7
Question
What occurs in G2 phase?
Answer
Further growth, protein synthesis, and preparation for mitosis.
8
Question
What is the M phase?
Answer
The process of mitosis and cytokinesis leading to cell division.
9
Question
What is G0 phase?
Answer
A resting state where the cell has exited the cycle and stops dividing.
10
Question
What type of cells are often in G0 indefinitely?
Answer
Neurons and differentiated cells.
11
Question
What is cellular senescence?
Answer
A permanent cell cycle arrest in G1 in response to stress or damage.
12
Question
What events characterize the G1 phase?
Answer
Cell growth and decision-making on whether to divide or differentiate.
13
Question
What occurs during the S phase regarding chromosomes?
Answer
Chromosomes are duplicated, forming sister chromatids.
14
Question
What are the main activities of G2 phase?
Answer
Protein synthesis for mitosis, spindle formation, and checking for DNA damage.
15
Question
What control mechanism regulates the transition from G1 to S phase?
Answer
G1/S cyclins at the restriction point (START).
16
Question
How does the cell ensure DNA integrity before mitosis?
Answer
Through the G2 checkpoint regulated mainly by p53.
17
Question
What is the main purpose of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?
Answer
To separate duplicated chromosomes into two identical nuclei.
18
Question
Which phase of the cell cycle prepares the cell for mitosis by DNA replication?
Answer
S phase of interphase.
19
Question
During mitosis, what structure attaches to chromosomes at the centromere?
Answer
Kinetochore microtubules.
20
Question
What is the key difference between open and closed mitosis?
Answer
Nuclear envelope disassembly in open mitosis; remains intact in closed mitosis.
21
Question
What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?
Answer
Regulate progression and checkpoints of the cell cycle.
22
Question
In which stage do sister chromatids separate during mitosis?
Answer
Anaphase.
23
Question
What ensures that daughter cells receive an identical set of chromosomes?
Answer
Chromosome duplication during S phase and correct segregation during mitosis.
24
Question
What is the function of the mitotic spindle?
Answer
To assemble microtubules that segregate chromosomes.
25
Question
How does an error such as nondisjunction affect chromosome number in daughter cells?
Answer
It can cause aneuploidy, with too many or too few chromosomes.
26
Question
What is the significance of the metaphase checkpoint in mitosis?
Answer
Ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before progression.
27
Question
Describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
Answer
Mitosis is an equational division producing identical cells; meiosis reduces chromosome number for sexual reproduction.
28
Question
What is mitotic catastrophe?
Answer
A cell death process resulting from abnormal mitosis.
29
Question
In plant cells, what structure marks the future division site?
Answer
Preprophase band.
30
Question
What process follows telophase in cell division?
Answer
Cytokinesis.