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Protozoan Phyla Overview
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1
Question
What are the main features that define Phylum Sarcomastigophora?
Answer
Unicellular/colonial, autotrophic or heterotrophic with flagella, pseudopodia, or both.
2
Question
What are the two subphyla of Sarcomastigophora?
Answer
Sarcodina (amoeboids) and Mastigophora (flagellates).
3
Question
Into which major groups is Sarcodina divided?
Answer
Rhizopoda and Actinopoda.
4
Question
What are the main features of Subphylum Mastigophora?
Answer
Presence of flagella for locomotion; transverse and longitudinal flagella in Phytomastigophora; whiplike flagella in Zoomastigophora.
5
Question
What distinguishes Phytomastigophora?
Answer
They have both transverse and longitudinal flagella enabling movement.
6
Question
What are Zoomastigophora?
Answer
Flagellates with one or more whiplike flagella used for movement.
7
Question
Describe Phylum Labyrinthomorpha.
Answer
Free-living, builds slimy filaments, with spindleshaped cells, living mostly in marine environments on algae and seagrasses.
8
Question
What are the characteristics of Phylum Apicomplexa?
Answer
Single-celled, parasitic, spore-forming with an apical complex.
9
Question
What are the main features of Phylum Microspora?
Answer
Single-celled obligate intracellular parasites lacking mitochondria, growing only within host cells.
10
Question
What is the usual habitat of Myxozoa?
Answer
Aquatic, mainly freshwater, parasitizing cold-blooded animals.
11
Question
What defines Phylum Sarcomastigophora?
Answer
Unicellular or colonial protozoa with flagella or pseudopodia, autotrophic or heterotrophic.
12
Question
Why is Phylum Sarcomastigophora named so?
Answer
Derived from 'Sarcodina' (amoeboids) and 'Mastigophora' (flagellates), reflecting its diversity.
13
Question
What are the two subphyla within Sarcomastigophora?
Answer
Sarcodina (amoeboids) and Mastigophora (flagellates).
14
Question
What are the features of Subphylum Sarcodina?
Answer
Amoeboid protozoa moving and feeding via cytoplasmic streaming, mainly aquatic.
15
Question
What are the groups into which Sarcodina is divided?
Answer
Rhizopoda and Actinopoda.
16
Question
What characterizes Subphylum Mastigophora?
Answer
Presence of flagella for movement; transverse and longitudinal in Phytomastigophora; whiplike in Zoomastigophora.
17
Question
How do Phytomastigophora differ?
Answer
They possess both transverse and longitudinal flagella, aiding in movement.
18
Question
What are Zoomastigophora?
Answer
Flagellates with one or more whiplike flagella used for locomotion.
19
Question
Describe Phylum Labyrinthomorpha.
Answer
Free-living, with slimy filaments; spindleshaped cells living mainly on algae and seagrasses in marine environments.
20
Question
What characterizes Phylum Apicomplexa?
Answer
Single-celled, parasitic, equipped with an apical complex for host invasion.
21
Question
With which group are apicomplexans sometimes classified?
Answer
Sporozoans.
22
Question
What are the features of Phylum Microspora?
Answer
Obligate intracellular parasites lacking mitochondria, growing within host cells.
23
Question
Describe Phylum Ascetospora.
Answer
Always parasitic; spores can be unicellular or multicellular with variable sporoplasm, no polar capsules.
24
Question
What is the common name for Phylum Myxozoa?
Answer
Myxosporeans.
25
Question
Where are Myxozoa typically found?
Answer
Aquatic environments, mainly freshwater, parasitizing cold-blooded animals.
26
Question
What are the main features of Phylum Ciliophora?
Answer
Single-celled, ciliate for movement and feeding; reproduce sexually and asexually; have macro- and micro-nuclei.