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UCSP 101
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1
Question
What is the systematic study of politics according to Andrew Heywood?
Answer
The study of how people make, preserve, and amend rules.
2
Question
What historic social changes did Nicholas Copernicus refer to?
Answer
Changes in thought, belief, social, and institutional organization in Europe.
3
Question
What fundamental law did Isaac Newton propose?
Answer
Universal laws of motion and gravity.
4
Question
How did Francis Bacon influence scientific thinking?
Answer
Established the supremacy of reason over imagination.
5
Question
Why is René Descartes considered the father of modern philosophy?
Answer
He promoted analytical thinking based on reason, not dogma.
6
Question
What marked the triumph of scientific method over religion in the modern period?
Answer
Secularization of learning and the Reformation.
7
Question
What was Martin Luther's contribution to religious and social change?
Answer
Led the Protestant movement, challenged papal infallibility, and democratized biblical interpretation.
8
Question
What did Immanuel Kant advocate in contrast to metaphysics?
Answer
Use of reason to know the nature of the world and humanity.
9
Question
How did Max Weber describe the process affecting social life?
Answer
Rationalization—social life becoming increasingly calculable and predictable.
10
Question
What discovery is Louis Pasteur famous for?
Answer
Germ theory and developing vaccinations.
11
Question
According to Emile Durkheim, what factor significantly contributed to the rise of social sciences?
Answer
Education and the growth of universities.
12
Question
How did trade and commerce influence exploration?
Answer
Marco Polo inspired Columbus's voyages to America; Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the globe.
13
Question
What is individualism and how did it develop?
Answer
Recognition of individual freedom through trade, education, and scientific worldview.
14
Question
What did Karl Marx contribute to historical analysis?
Answer
Materialist analysis dismissing religious and metaphysical explanations.
15
Question
Who is considered the father of modern anthropology?
Answer
Franz Boas.
16
Question
What is Harriet Martineau known for in sociology?
Answer
Founding mother of sociology, emphasizing the non-Western world as a model.
17
Question
Who is the founding father of sociology?
Answer
Auguste Comte.
18
Question
What is the main focus of Andrew Heywood's political science?
Answer
The study of how people create, maintain, and change political rules and systems.
19
Question
What social changes did Copernicus refer to in Europe?
Answer
Transformations in thought, beliefs, social structures, and organizational institutions.
20
Question
What fundamental laws did Newton propose?
Answer
Universal laws of motion and universal gravitation.
21
Question
How did Francis Bacon influence scientific methodology?
Answer
Established empiricism and the importance of observation and induction in science.
22
Question
Why is Descartes called the father of modern philosophy?
Answer
He emphasized reasoning and doubt as foundations for knowledge, challenging dogma.
23
Question
What signified the triumph of scientific reasoning over religious authority?
Answer
The rise of secular science and the effects of the Reformation.
24
Question
What was Martin Luther's impact on religion and society?
Answer
Led Protestant Reformation, challenged papal authority, and promoted individual biblical interpretation.
25
Question
What did Kant argue against in metaphysics?
Answer
He argued that reason, not metaphysics, is essential to understanding the world and human nature.
26
Question
How did Weber describe social change?
Answer
Social life becoming increasingly rationalized and systematically calculable.
27
Question
What is Louis Pasteur famous for?
Answer
Discovering germ theory and developing vaccines for infectious diseases.
28
Question
What contributed to the rise of social sciences according to Durkheim?
Answer
Expansion of education systems and the establishment of universities.
29
Question
How did trade influence exploration history?
Answer
Trade routes and curiosity spurred voyages like Columbus's to America and Magellan's circumnavigation.
30
Question
What is individualism and its origins?
Answer
Recognition of personal freedom, emerging from trade, education, and scientific revolutions.