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Cell Biology Immunology Development
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1
Question
What is the purpose of kinases in cell cycle regulation?
Answer
Regulate progression via phosphorylation at checkpoints.
2
Question
Which immunoglobulin passes through the placenta?
Answer
IgG
3
Question
Primary vs. secondary lymphoid tissue?
Answer
Primary: development (thymus, marrow); Secondary: activation (spleen, lymph nodes).
4
Question
Reaction that hardens zona pellucida to prevent polyspermy?
Answer
Cortical reaction.
5
Question
How do pronuclei move during fertilization?
Answer
Along microtubules toward each other.
6
Question
Characteristic of Chordata?
Answer
Presence of a notochord.
7
Question
Parasite with an apical complex?
Answer
Toxoplasma gondii.
8
Question
Condition diagnosed by FISH?
Answer
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21).
9
Question
Immunoglobulin acting as monomer, pentamer, hexamer?
Answer
IgM.
10
Question
Method of classical karyotyping?
Answer
Giemsa banding (G-banding).
11
Question
Role of sperm centriole?
Answer
Contributes to zygote centrosome.
12
Question
Animal with first excretory system?
Answer
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes).
13
Question
Protozoan with cyst as infective stage?
Answer
Giardia lamblia.
14
Question
Cestoda infecting humans via undercooked fish?
Answer
Diphyllobothrium latum.
15
Question
What are choanae?
Answer
Internal nostrils connecting nasal cavity to pharynx.
16
Question
Reaction where sperm releases enzymes?
Answer
Acrosomal reaction.
17
Question
Proteins regulating cell division?
Answer
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
18
Question
Proteasome's role in immunity?
Answer
Degrade intracellular antigens for MHC-I.
19
Question
Base of mRNA cap?
Answer
7-methylguanosine via 5'→4' triphosphate bridge.
20
Question
Chromatin architectural protein?
Answer
CTCF.
21
Question
Protein assisting in folding corrects misfolding?
Answer
Chaperones.
22
Question
What are somites?
Answer
Segmented mesoderm blocks forming vertebrae, muscles, dermis.
23
Question
Quantitative immunological method?
Answer
ELISA.
24
Question
Method to fuse cells?
Answer
Electrofusion.
25
Question
Process of making sperm hyperactive?
Answer
Capacitation.
26
Question
Most important complement pathway protein?
Answer
C3.
27
Question
Caspases and their function?
Answer
Cysteine proteases initiating apoptosis.
28
Question
Chaperone proteins?
Answer
Assist protein folding.
29
Question
Role of cohesins in mitosis?
Answer
Hold sister chromatids until anaphase.
30
Question
Lymphocytes undergoing hypermutation?
Answer
B lymphocytes.